Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour. Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slaveβs location of work and residence dictated by the party that holds them in bondage. Enslavement is the placement of a person into slavery, and the person is called a slave or an enslaved person (see Β§ Terminology). Many historical cases of enslavement occurred as a result of breaking the law, becoming indebted, suffering a military defeat, or exploitation for cheaper labor; other forms of slavery were instituted along demographic lines such as race or sex. Slaves would be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be granted freedom. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, and existed in most societies throughout history, but it is now outlawed in most countries of the world, except as a punishment for a crime. In chattel slavery, the slave is legally rendered the personal property (chattel) of the slave owner. In economics, the term de facto slavery describes the conditions of unfree labour and forced labour that most slaves endure. In 2019, approximately 40 million people, of whom 26\% were children, were still enslaved throughout the world despite slavery being illegal. In the modern world, more than 50\% of slaves provide forced labour, usually in the factories and sweatshops of the private sector of a countryβs economy. In industrialised countries, human trafficking is a modern variety of slavery; in non-industrialised countries, people in debt bondage are common, others include captive domestic servants, people in forced marriages, and child soldiers.
1. The nature of enslavement: the relation of master and slave - λ Έμμ μ λ³Έμ§: μ£ΌμΈκ³Ό λ Έμμ κ΄κ³
2. The theory of natural slavery and the natural slave - μμ°μ λ Έμμ μ΄λ‘ κ³Ό μμ°μ λ Έμ
a. Characteristics of the natural slave: individual and racial differences in relation to slavery - μμ°μ λ Έμμ νΉμ±: λ Έμμ μ κ΄λ ¨λ κ°μΈμ λ° μΈμ’ μ μ°¨μ΄
b. The conception of the natural slave as the property or instrument of his master - μμ°μ λ Έμμ λν κ°λ : μ£ΌμΈμ μ¬μ° λλ λꡬλ‘μμ λ Έμ
c. Slavery in relation to natural or to divine law - μμ°λ² λλ μ λ²κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨λ λ Έμμ λ
d. Criticisms of the doctrine of natural slavery - μμ°μ λ Έμμ λ κ΅λ¦¬μ λν λΉν
3. Slavery as a social institution: the conventionality of slavery - μ¬ν μ λλ‘μμ λ Έμμ λ: λ Έμμ λμ κ΄μ΅μ±
a. The acquisition of slaves: conquest, purchase, indenture, forfeiture - λ Έμμ νλ: μ 볡, ꡬ맀, κ³μ½λ Έλ, λͺ°μ
b. Laws regulating slavery: the rights and duties of master and slave - λ Έμ μ λλ₯Ό κ·μ νλ λ²: μ£ΌμΈκ³Ό λ Έμμ κΆλ¦¬μ μ무
d. Criticisms of the institution of slavery: the injustice of slavery; its transgression of inalienable human rights - λ Έμ μ λμ λν λΉν: λ Έμ μ λμ λΆλΉμ±; μλν μ μλ μΈκΆμ μΉ¨ν΄
4. The forms of economic slavery - κ²½μ μ λ Έμμ μ ννλ€
a. Chattel slavery: slaves of the household and slaves of the state - μ¬μ° λ Έμμ : κ°μ μ λ Έμμ κ΅κ°μ λ Έμ
b. Serfdom or peonage λλ Έμ λλ μμλ μ λ
a. The disfranchisement of chattel slaves and serfs: their exclusion from the body politic or political community - μμ λ Έμμ λλ Έμ μ κ±°κΆ λ°ν: μ μΉ κ³΅λ체 λλ μ μΉμ 곡λ체μμμ λ°°μ
b. The political deprivations of the laboring classes or wage slaves: the struggle for enfranchisement; the issue between oligarchy and democracy with respect to suffrage - λ Έλ κ³κΈ λλ μκΈ λ Έμμ μ μΉμ λ°ν: μ°Έμ κΆ μμ·¨λ₯Ό μν ν¬μ; μ κ±°κΆκ³Ό κ΄λ ¨λ κ³Όλμ μ λ―Όμ£Όμ κ°μ λ¬Έμ
6. Political enslavement or subjection - μ μΉμ λ Έμν λλ μμ
a. Slavery as the condition of men living under tyrannical government - νκ΅°μ μ λΆ μλμμ μ΄μκ°λ μΈκ°μ μνλ‘μμ λ Έμμ λ
b. Subjection as the condition of men living under benevolent despotism or paternalistic government - μλΉλ‘μ΄ μ μ μ μΉλ κ°λΆμ₯μ μ λΆ μλμμ μ¬λ μΈκ°μ 쑰건μΌλ‘μμ 볡μ’
d. The imperialistic subjection or enslavement of conquered peoples or colonial dependencies - μ 볡λ λ―Όμ‘±μ΄λ μλ―Όμ§ μ’ μκ΅μ μ κ΅μ£Όμμ λ³΅μ’ λλ λ Έμν
7. The analogy of tyranny and slavery in the relations between passions and reason or will: human bondage - μ΄μ κ³Ό μ΄μ± λλ μμ§ μ¬μ΄μ κ΄κ³μμμ νμ κ³Ό λ Έμμ μ μ μΆ: μΈκ°μ μλ°
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