Mathematical proof - μνμ μ¦λͺ
(βμ¦λͺ Mathematical Proofβ 2024)
A mathematical proof is a deductive argument for a mathematical statement, showing that the stated assumptions logically guarantee the conclusion. The argument may use other previously established statements, such as theorems; but every proof can, in principle, be constructed using only certain basic or original assumptions known as axioms, along with the accepted rules of inference. Proofs are examples of exhaustive deductive reasoning which establish logical certainty, to be distinguished from empirical arguments or non-exhaustive inductive reasoning which establish "reasonable expectation". Presenting many cases in which the statement holds is not enough for a proof, which must demonstrate that the statement is true in all possible cases. A proposition that has not been proved but is believed to be true is known as a conjecture, or a hypothesis if frequently used as an assumption for further mathematical work. Proofs employ logic expressed in mathematical symbols, along with natural language which usually admits some ambiguity. In most mathematical literature, proofs are written in terms of rigorous informal logic. Purely formal proofs, written fully in symbolic language without the involvement of natural language, are considered in proof theory. The distinction between formal and informal proofs has led to much examination of current and historical mathematical practice, quasi-empiricism in mathematics, and so-called folk mathematics, oral traditions in the mainstream mathematical community or in other cultures. The philosophy of mathematics is concerned with the role of language and logic in proofs, and mathematics as a language.
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2024λ "μ¦λͺ μνμ μ¦λͺ "
μνμ μ¦λͺ μ μνμ μ§μ μ λν μ°μμ λ Όμ¦μΌλ‘, μ§μ λ κ°μ μ΄ λ Όλ¦¬μ μΌλ‘ κ²°λ‘ μ 보μ₯νλ€λ κ²μ 보μ¬μ€λλ€. λ Όμ¦μ μ 리μ κ°μ΄ μ΄μ μ ν립λ λ€λ₯Έ μ§μ μ μ¬μ©ν μλ μμ§λ§, μμΉμ μΌλ‘ λͺ¨λ μ¦λͺ μ 곡리λΌκ³ μλ €μ§ νΉμ κΈ°λ³Έ κ°μ λλ μλ κ°μ κ³Ό νμ©λ μΆλ‘ κ·μΉλ§μ μ¬μ©νμ¬ κ΅¬μ±λ μ μμ΅λλ€. μ¦λͺ μ λ Όλ¦¬μ νμ€μ±μ ν립νλ μ² μ ν μ°μμ μΆλ‘ μ μλ‘μ, κ²½νμ λ Όμ¦μ΄λ 'ν©λ¦¬μ μΈ κΈ°λ'λ₯Ό ν립νλ λΉμμ ν κ·λ©μ μΆλ‘ κ³Ό ꡬλ³λ©λλ€. λͺ μ κ° μ±λ¦½νλ μ¬λ¬ μ¬λ‘λ₯Ό μ μνλ κ²λ§μΌλ‘λ μ¦λͺ μ μΆ©λΆνμ§ μμΌλ©°, κ°λ₯ν λͺ¨λ κ²½μ°μ ν΄λΉ λͺ μ κ° μ°Έμμ μ μ¦ν΄μΌ ν©λλ€. μ¦λͺ λμ§λ μμμ§λ§ μ°Έμ΄λΌκ³ λ―Ώμ΄μ§λ λͺ μ λ₯Ό μΆμΈ‘μ΄λΌκ³ νλ©°, μΆν μνμ μμ μ μν κ°μ μΌλ‘ μμ£Ό μ¬μ©λλ κ²½μ° κ°μ€μ΄λΌκ³ ν©λλ€. μ¦λͺ μ μνμ κΈ°νΈλ‘ ννλ λ Όλ¦¬μ ν¨κ» μΌλ°μ μΌλ‘ λͺ¨νΈμ±μ μΈμ νλ μμ°μ΄λ₯Ό μ¬μ©ν©λλ€. λλΆλΆμ μν λ¬Ένμμ μ¦λͺ μ μ격ν λΉκ³΅μ λ Όλ¦¬λ‘ μμ±λ©λλ€. μμ° μΈμ΄μ κ°μ μμ΄ κΈ°νΈ μΈμ΄λ‘ μμ ν μμ±λ μμ νμ μ¦λͺ μ μ¦λͺ μ΄λ‘ μμ κ³ λ €ν©λλ€. 곡μ μ¦λͺ κ³Ό λΉκ³΅μ μ¦λͺ μ ꡬλΆμΌλ‘ μΈν΄ νμ¬μ κ³Όκ±°μ μνμ κ΄ν, μνμ μ€ κ²½νμ£Όμ, μ£Όλ₯ μνκ³ λλ λ€λ₯Έ λ¬ΈνκΆμ ꡬμ μ ν΅μΈ μμ λ―Όμ μνμ λν λ§μ κ²ν κ° μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ‘μ΅λλ€. μν μ² νμ μ¦λͺ μμ μΈμ΄μ λ Όλ¦¬μ μν κ³Ό μΈμ΄λ‘μμ μνμ κ΄ν κ²μ λλ€.
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References
βμ¦λͺ Mathematical Proof.β 2024. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mathematical_proof&oldid=1247436459.