BIBLIOGRAPHY

History

  • [2025-04-24 Thu 23:22]

KEYWORDS

DONE Progress ์ง„๋ณด

  • Progress - Link ์ง„ํ–‰ - ๋งํฌ

Topics ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค

1. The idea of progress in the philosophy of history - ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ฒ ํ•™์—์„œ ์ง„๋ณด์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…

a. Providence and necessity in the theory of progress: the dialectical development of Spirit or matter; conflict as a source of progress - ์ง„๋ณด ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ์˜ ์„ญ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•„์—ฐ์„ฑ: ์ •์‹  ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋ณ€์ฆ๋ฒ•์  ๋ฐœ์ „; ์ง„๋ณด์˜ ์›์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ

b. Optimism or meliorism: the doctrine of human perfectibility - ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ ์ฃผ์˜: ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์™„์ „์„ฑ์˜ ๊ต๋ฆฌ

c. Skeptical or pessimistic denials of progress: the golden age as past; the cyclical motion of history - ์ง„๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšŒ์˜์  ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ด€์  ๋ถ€์ •: ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ์‹œ๋Œ€; ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜ ์šด๋™

2. The idea of progress in the theory of biological evolution - ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ง„ํ™” ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ์˜ ์ง„๋ณด ๊ฐœ๋…

3. Economic progress ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ง„๋ณด

a. The increase of opulence: the division of labor as a factor in progress - ๋ถ€์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€: ์ง„๋ณด์˜ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋…ธ๋™ ๋ถ„์—…

b. The improvement of the status and conditions of labor: the goals of revolution and reform - ๋…ธ๋™์˜ ์ง€์œ„์™€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ: ํ˜๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ

c. Manโ€™s progressive conquest of the forces of nature through science and invention - ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ง„์  ์ •๋ณต

4. Progress in politics ์ •์น˜์˜ ์ง„์ „

a. The invention and improvement of political institutions: the maintenance of political order in relation to progress - ์ •์น˜ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์„ : ์ง„๋ณด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •์น˜ ์งˆ์„œ์˜ ์œ ์ง€

b. The progressive realization of the idea of the state - ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์ ์ง„์  ์‹คํ˜„

c. The growth of political freedom: the achievement of citizenship and civil rights - ์ •์น˜์  ์ž์œ ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ: ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ

5. Forces operating against social progress: emotional opposition to change or novelty; political conservatism - ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ง„๋ณด์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋ ฅ: ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์›€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์  ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€; ์ •์น˜์  ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜

6. Intellectual or cultural progress: its sources and impediments - ์ง€์  ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ง„๋ณด: ๊ทธ ์›์ฒœ๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ

a. Progress in the arts - ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์˜ ์ง„๋ณด

b. Progress in philosophy and in the sciences - ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์ง„๋ณด

c. The use and criticism of the intellectual tradition: the sifting of truth from error; the reaction against the authority of the past - ์ง€์  ์ „ํ†ต์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ๋น„ํŒ: ์ง„๋ฆฌ์™€ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ ค๋‚ด๊ธฐ; ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๊ถŒ์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ

d. Plans for the advancement of learning and the improvement of method in the arts and sciences - ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์ง„์ „๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš

e. Freedom of expression and discussion as indispensable to the progressive discovery of the truth - ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์ง„๋ณด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„๊ณผ ํ† ๋ก ์˜ ์ž์œ