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#진보

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  • [2025-04-24 Thu 23:22]

DONE Progress 진보

  • Progress - Link 진행 - 링크

Topics μ£Όμ œλ“€

1. The idea of progress in the philosophy of history - 역사 μ² ν•™μ—μ„œ μ§„λ³΄μ˜ κ°œλ…

a. Providence and necessity in the theory of progress: the dialectical development of Spirit or matter; conflict as a source of progress - 진보 μ΄λ‘ μ—μ„œμ˜ 섭리와 ν•„μ—°μ„±: μ •μ‹  λ˜λŠ” 물질의 변증법적 λ°œμ „; μ§„λ³΄μ˜ μ›μ²œμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ κ°ˆλ“±

b. Optimism or meliorism: the doctrine of human perfectibility - λ‚™κ΄€μ£Όμ˜ λ˜λŠ” κ°œμ„ μ£Όμ˜: 인간 μ™„μ „μ„±μ˜ ꡐ리

c. Skeptical or pessimistic denials of progress: the golden age as past; the cyclical motion of history - 진보에 λŒ€ν•œ 회의적 λ˜λŠ” 비관적 λΆ€μ •: 과거의 ν™©κΈˆμ‹œλŒ€; μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ μˆœν™˜ μš΄λ™

2. The idea of progress in the theory of biological evolution - 생물학적 진화 μ΄λ‘ μ—μ„œμ˜ 진보 κ°œλ…

3. Economic progress 경제적 진보

a. The increase of opulence: the division of labor as a factor in progress - λΆ€μ˜ 증가: μ§„λ³΄μ˜ μš”μΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 노동 λΆ„μ—…

b. The improvement of the status and conditions of labor: the goals of revolution and reform - λ…Έλ™μ˜ μ§€μœ„μ™€ 쑰건의 ν–₯상: 혁λͺ…κ³Ό 개혁의 λͺ©ν‘œ

c. Man’s progressive conquest of the forces of nature through science and invention - κ³Όν•™κ³Ό 발λͺ…을 ν†΅ν•œ μΈκ°„μ˜ μžμ—°λ ₯에 λŒ€ν•œ 점진적 정볡

4. Progress in politics μ •μΉ˜μ˜ 진전

a. The invention and improvement of political institutions: the maintenance of political order in relation to progress - μ •μΉ˜ μ œλ„μ˜ 발λͺ…κ³Ό κ°œμ„ : 진보와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ •μΉ˜ μ§ˆμ„œμ˜ μœ μ§€

b. The progressive realization of the idea of the state - κ΅­κ°€λΌλŠ” κ°œλ…μ˜ 점진적 μ‹€ν˜„

c. The growth of political freedom: the achievement of citizenship and civil rights - μ •μΉ˜μ  자유의 μ„±μž₯: μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒκ³Ό μ‹œλ―Όμ  ꢌ리의 μ„±μ·¨

5. Forces operating against social progress: emotional opposition to change or novelty; political conservatism - μ‚¬νšŒ 진보에 λ°˜λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” μ„Έλ ₯: λ³€ν™”λ‚˜ μƒˆλ‘œμ›€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 감정적 λ°˜λŒ€; μ •μΉ˜μ  보수주의

6. Intellectual or cultural progress: its sources and impediments - 지적 λ˜λŠ” 문화적 진보: κ·Έ μ›μ²œκ³Ό μž₯μ• λ¬Ό

a. Progress in the arts - 예술의 진보

b. Progress in philosophy and in the sciences - μ² ν•™κ³Ό κ³Όν•™μ˜ 진보

c. The use and criticism of the intellectual tradition: the sifting of truth from error; the reaction against the authority of the past - 지적 μ „ν†΅μ˜ μ‚¬μš©κ³Ό λΉ„νŒ: 진리와 였λ₯˜μ˜ κ°€λ €λ‚΄κΈ°; κ³Όκ±° κΆŒμœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ 반발

d. Plans for the advancement of learning and the improvement of method in the arts and sciences - 예술과 κ³Όν•™μ—μ„œ ν•™μŠ΅μ˜ 진전과 λ°©λ²•μ˜ κ°œμ„ μ„ μœ„ν•œ κ³„νš

e. Freedom of expression and discussion as indispensable to the progressive discovery of the truth - 진싀을 μ§„λ³΄μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°œκ²¬ν•˜λŠ” 데 ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ ν‘œν˜„κ³Ό ν† λ‘ μ˜ 자유

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