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  • [2025-04-24 Thu 23:34]

DONE Truth μ§„μ‹€

  • Truth - Link μ§„μ‹€ - 링크

Topics μ£Όμ œλ“€

1. The nature of truth - μ§„λ¦¬μ˜ 본질

a. The signs or criteria of truth: methods of verification - μ§„λ¦¬μ˜ μ§•ν›„ λ˜λŠ” κΈ°μ€€: 검증 방법듀

b. The relation between truth and being or reality - 진리와 쑴재 λ˜λŠ” ν˜„μ‹€ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 관계

c. The relation of truth, goodness, and beauty - μ§„μ‹€, 선함, μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μ›€μ˜ 관계

2. The modes of truth and falsity - 진리와 ν—ˆμœ„μ˜ 양상

3. The distinction between truth and falsity in the mind and in things: logical and ontological truth - 마음 속과 사물 μ†μ—μ„œμ˜ 진리와 ν—ˆμœ„μ˜ ꡬ별: 논리적 진리와 쑴재둠적 진리

a. The distinction between truth of statement and truth of signification: the distinc- tion between real and verbal truth - μ§„μˆ μ˜ 진리와 의미의 μ§„λ¦¬μ˜ ꡬ별: μ‹€μž¬μ  진리와 언어적 μ§„λ¦¬μ˜ ꡬ별

b. The distinction between theoretical and practical truth: conformity to existence and conformity to right desire - 이둠적 진리와 μ‹€μ²œμ  μ§„λ¦¬μ˜ ꡬ별: μ‘΄μž¬μ—μ˜ λΆ€ν•©κ³Ό μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ μš•λ§μ—μ˜ λΆ€ν•©

c. The comparison of human and divine truth: finite truths and the infinite truth - μΈκ°„μ˜ 진리와 μ‹ μ„±ν•œ μ§„λ¦¬μ˜ 비ꡐ: μœ ν•œν•œ 진리와 λ¬΄ν•œν•œ 진리

d. The distinction between truth and probability: its relation to the distinction be- tween knowledge and opinion - μ§„μ‹€κ³Ό ν™•λ₯ μ˜ ꡬ뢄: 지식과 의견의 κ΅¬λΆ„κ³Όμ˜ 관계

4. Truth and error in relation to human knowing and learning - μΈκ°„μ˜ 인식과 ν•™μŠ΅μ— κ΄€ν•œ 진리와 였λ₯˜

a. Truth in the apprehensions of the sensitive faculty - λ―Όκ°ν•œ 감각 κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μΈμ‹μ—μ„œμ˜ 진리

1) The truth of sensations: judgments of perception - 감각의 μ§„μ‹€: μ§€κ°μ˜ νŒλ‹¨
2) Truth in the memory and imagination - κΈ°μ–΅κ³Ό 상상 μ†μ˜ 진리

b. Truth in the acts of the mind - 마음의 ν–‰μœ„ μ†μ˜ 진리

1) The truth of ideas: concepts and definitions - μ‚¬μƒμ˜ 진리: κ°œλ…κ³Ό μ •μ˜
2) The truth of propositions: the special problem of judgments about future contingencies - λͺ…μ œμ˜ 진리: 미래 우발 사건에 λŒ€ν•œ νŒλ‹¨μ˜ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 문제점
3) Truth in reasoning: the truth of premises in relation to the truth of conclu- sions; logical validity and truth about reality - μΆ”λ‘ μ—μ„œμ˜ 진리: 결둠의 진리와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ „μ œμ˜ 진리; 논리적 타당성과 ν˜„μ‹€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 진리

c. The principle of contradiction as the foundation of truth in judgment and in reasoning - νŒλ‹¨κ³Ό μΆ”λ‘ μ—μ„œ μ§„μ‹€μ˜ κΈ°μ΄ˆκ°€ λ˜λŠ” λͺ¨μˆœμ˜ 원리

d. The nature and causes of error - 였λ₯˜μ˜ 본질과 원인

1) The infallibility of the senses and the mind: the respects in which they are incapable of error - 감각과 마음의 무였λ₯˜μ„±: 그듀이 였λ₯˜λ₯Ό λ²”ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” μΈ‘λ©΄λ“€
2) The nature and sources of error in human perception and thought: the dis- tinction between error and ignorance - 인간 인식과 μ‚¬κ³ μ—μ„œ 였λ₯˜μ˜ 본질과 μ›μ²œ: 였λ₯˜μ™€ λ¬΄μ§€μ˜ ꡬ별
3) Rules for the correction or prevention of error in thought - μ‚¬κ³ μ—μ„œ 였λ₯˜λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ •ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ˜ˆλ°©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κ·œμΉ™

5. Comparison of the various disciplines with respect to truth - 진리에 κ΄€ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν•™λ¬Έ λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ 비ꡐ

a. Truth in science and religion: the truth of reason and the truth of faith - κ³Όν•™κ³Ό μ’…κ΅μ—μ„œμ˜ 진리: μ΄μ„±μ˜ 진리와 μ‹ μ•™μ˜ 진리

b. Truth in science and poetry: the truth of fact and the truth of fiction - κ³Όν•™κ³Ό μ‹œμ—μ„œμ˜ 진리: μ‚¬μ‹€μ˜ 진리와 ν—ˆκ΅¬μ˜ 진리

c. Truth in metaphysics, mathematics, and the empirical sciences: the truth of prin- ciples, hypotheses, and conclusions in the several speculative disciplines - ν˜•μ΄μƒν•™, μˆ˜ν•™, κ²½ν—˜κ³Όν•™μ—μ„œμ˜ 진리: μ—¬λŸ¬ 사변적 ν•™λ¬Έμ—μ„œ 원리, κ°€μ„€, 결둠의 진리

d. Truth and probability in rhetoric and dialectic - μˆ˜μ‚¬ν•™κ³Ό λ³€μ¦λ²•μ—μ„œμ˜ 진리와 ν™•λ₯ 

6. The eternal verities and the mutability of truth - μ˜μ›ν•œ 진리듀과 μ§„λ¦¬μ˜ κ°€λ³€μ„±

7. The accumulation or accretion of truth, and the correction of error, in the progress of human learning - 인간 ν•™μŠ΅μ˜ μ§„λ³΄μ—μ„œ μ§„λ¦¬μ˜ 좕적 λ˜λŠ” 증가와 였λ₯˜μ˜ μˆ˜μ •

8. The skeptical denial of truth - 진리에 λŒ€ν•œ 회의적인 λΆ€μ •

a. The impossibility of knowing the truth: the restriction of all human judgments to degrees of probability; the denial of axioms and of the possibility of demon- stration - 진리λ₯Ό μ•Œ 수 μ—†μŒ: λͺ¨λ“  인간 νŒλ‹¨μ„ ν™•λ₯ μ˜ μ •λ„λ‘œ μ œν•œν•¨; 곡리와 증λͺ…μ˜ κ°€λŠ₯μ„± λΆ€μ •

b. The defense of truth against the skeptic - νšŒμ˜λ‘ μžμ— λ§žμ„  μ§„λ¦¬μ˜ 수호

9. The moral and political aspect of truth - μ§„λ¦¬μ˜ 도덕적 및 μ •μΉ˜μ  μΈ‘λ©΄

a. Prevarication and perjury: the injustice of lying or bearing false witness - μ†μž„μˆ˜μ™€ μœ„μ¦: κ±°μ§“λ§ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ κ±°μ§“ 증언을 ν•˜λŠ” λΆ€μ •μ˜

b. The expediency of the political lie - μ •μΉ˜μ  κ±°μ§“λ§μ˜ νŽΈμ˜μ„±

c. Truth in relation to love and friendship: the pleasant and the unpleasant truth - μ‚¬λž‘κ³Ό μš°μ •μ— κ΄€ν•œ 진리: 즐거운 진리와 λΆˆμΎŒν•œ 진리

d. Civil liberty as a condition for discovering the truth: freedom of thought and dis- - 진리λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ‘°κ±΄μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ‹œλ―Όμ˜ 자유: 사상과 ν‘œν˜„μ˜ 자유

e. The love of truth and the duty to seek it: the moral distinction between the soph- ist and the philosopher; martyrdom to the truth - 진리에 λŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬λž‘κ³Ό 그것을 좔ꡬ할 의무: ꢀ변가와 μ² ν•™μž μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 도덕적 ꡬ별; 진리λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 순ꡐ