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  • [2025-04-24 Thu 22:39]

DONE Constitution ํ—Œ๋ฒ•

  • Constitution - Link ํ—Œ๋ฒ• - ๋งํฌ

Topics ์ฃผ์ œ

1. The difference between government by law and government by men: the nature of constitutional government - ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด: ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์  ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ

2. The notion of a constitution - ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…

a. The constitution as the form or organization of a political community: arrange- ment of offices; division of functions - ์ •์น˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•: ๊ด€์ง์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜; ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ• 

b. The constitution as the fundamental law: its relation to other laws, as a source or measure of legality or justice - ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•: ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์˜์˜ ์›์ฒœ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„

3. The relation of constitutional government to other forms of government - ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„

a. The combination of constitutional with absolute government: the mixed regime; constitutional or limited monarchy - ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ: ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์ •์ฒด; ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์  ๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ

b. The merits of constitutional government compared with royal government and the mixed regime - ์ž…ํ—Œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์žฅ์ ๊ณผ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์ •๊ถŒ๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต

4. The constitutional conception of political office: the qualifications and duties of public officials - ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์ƒ ๊ณต์ง์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…: ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฌด

5. The diversity of constitutions among the forms of government - ์ •๋ถ€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ

a. The justice of different constitutions: the extent and character of citizenship under each - ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •์˜: ๊ฐ ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ํ•˜์—์„œ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ

b. The mixed constitution: its advantages - ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•: ๊ทธ ์žฅ์ ๋“ค

6. The origin of constitutions: the lawgiver, the social contract, the constituent assembly - ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ธฐ์›: ์ž…๋ฒ•์ž, ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณ„์•ฝ, ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์˜ํšŒ

7. The preservation of constitutions: factors tending toward their dissolution - ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ณด์กด: ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•ด์ฒด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค

a. The relative stability of different types of constitutions - ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ

b. The safeguards of constitutional government: bills of rights; separation of powers; impeachment - ์ž…ํ—Œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์žฅ์น˜: ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์žฅ์ „, ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ๋ถ„๋ฆฝ, ํƒ„ํ•ต

8. The change of constitutions - ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ

a. Methods of changing a constitution: revolution, amendment - ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: ํ˜๋ช…, ๊ฐœ์ •

b. The violation and overthrow of constitutional government - ํ—Œ๋ฒ• ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ๋ฐ ํ—Œ์ • ์ „๋ณต

9. The theory of representation - ํ‘œ์ƒ ์ด๋ก 

a. The functions and duties of representatives: their relation to their constituent! - ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฌด: ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„!

b. Types of representation: diverse methods of selecting representatives - ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ์œ ํ˜•: ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

c. The origin, growth, and vicissitudes of constitutional government - ์ž…ํ—Œ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ธฐ์›, ์„ฑ์žฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณ€์ฒœ์‚ฌ