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  • [2025-04-24 Thu 22:59]

DONE Justice μ •μ˜

See also: λ˜ν•œ μ°Έμ‘°:

  • justice (percept) μ •μ˜ (지각)

Topics 주제

1. Diverse conceptions of justice - λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ •μ˜ κ°œλ…

a. Justice as the interest of the stronger or conformity to the will of the sovereign - κ°•μžμ˜ μ΄μ΅μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ •μ˜ λ˜λŠ” 주ꢌ자의 μ˜μ§€μ—μ˜ μˆœμ‘

b. Justice as harmony or right order in the soul: original justice - 영혼의 μ‘°ν™” λ˜λŠ” μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ μ§ˆμ„œλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ •μ˜: μ›μ΄ˆμ  μ •μ˜

c. Justice as a moral virtue directing activity in relation to others and to the com- munity: the distinction between the just man and the just act - 타인 및 κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ™€μ˜ κ΄€κ³„μ—μ„œ ν™œλ™μ„ μ΄λ„λŠ” 도덕적 λ•μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ •μ˜: μ •μ˜λ‘œμš΄ μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό μ •μ˜λ‘œμš΄ ν–‰μœ„μ˜ ꡬ별

d. Justice as the whole of virtue and as a particular virtue: the distinction between the lawful and the fair - λ•μ˜ μ „μ²΄λ‘œμ„œ 그리고 νŠΉμ • λ•μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ •μ˜: 합법적인 것과 κ³΅μ •ν•œ κ²ƒμ˜ ꡬ별

e. Justice as an act of will or duty fulfilling obligations to the common good: the harmonious action of individual wills under a universal law of freedom - μ˜λ¬΄λ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ •μ˜, 곡동선을 μœ„ν•œ 의무λ₯Ό μ΄ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” ν–‰μœ„: 보편적 자유 법칙 μ•„λž˜ 개인 μ˜μ§€λ“€μ˜ μ‘°ν™”λ‘œμš΄ μž‘μš©

f. Justice as a custom or moral sentiment based on considerations of utility - μœ μš©μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ³ λ €λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•œ κ΄€μŠ΅ λ˜λŠ” 도덕적 κ°μ •μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ •μ˜

2. The precepts of justice: doing good, harming no one, rendering to each his own, treating equals equally - μ •μ˜μ˜ ꡐ리: 선을 ν–‰ν•˜κ³ , λˆ„κ΅¬μ—κ²Œλ„ ν•΄λ₯Ό λΌμΉ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©°, κ°μžμ—κ²Œ 그의 λͺ«μ„ 돌렀주고, λ™λ“±ν•œ 자λ₯Ό λ™λ“±ν•˜κ²Œ λŒ€μš°ν•¨

3. The duties of justice compared with the generosity of love and friendship - μ‚¬λž‘κ³Ό μš°μ •μ˜ κ΄€λŒ€ν•¨κ³Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•œ μ •μ˜μ˜ μ˜λ¬΄λ“€

4. The comparison of justice and expediency: the choice between doing and suffering injustice; the relation of justice to happiness - μ •μ˜μ™€ 편의의 비ꡐ: 뢀당함을 ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 것과 λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 것 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 선택; μ •μ˜μ™€ ν–‰λ³΅μ˜ 관계

5. Justice and equality: the kinds of justice in relation to the measure and modes of equality and inequality - μ •μ˜μ™€ 평등: 평등과 λΆˆν‰λ“±μ˜ 척도와 방식에 κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ •μ˜μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜

6. Justice and liberty: the theory of human rights - μ •μ˜μ™€ 자유: 인ꢌ 이둠

a. The relation of natural rights to natural law and natural justice - μžμ—°κΆŒκ³Ό μžμ—°λ²• 및 μžμ—° μ •μ˜μ˜ 관계

b. The relation between natural and positive rights, innate and acquired rights, pri- vate and public rights: their correlative duties - μžμ—°κΆŒκ³Ό μ‹€μ •κΆŒ, μ„ μ²œμ  κΆŒλ¦¬μ™€ ν›„μ²œμ  ꢌ리, 사적 κΆŒλ¦¬μ™€ 곡적 ꢌ리의 관계: 그에 μƒμ‘ν•˜λŠ” μ˜λ¬΄λ“€

c. The inalienability of natural rights: their violation by tyranny and despotism - μžμ—°κΆŒμ˜ 양도 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯μ„±: 폭정과 μ „μ œμ •μΉ˜μ— μ˜ν•œ κ·Έ μΉ¨ν•΄

d. Justice as the basis for the distinction between liberty and license - μžμœ μ™€ 방쒅을 κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜λŠ” κ·Όκ±°λ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ •μ˜

e. Justice and natural rights as the source of civil liberty - μ‹œλ―Ό 자유의 μ›μ²œμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ •μ˜μ™€ μžμ—°κΆŒ

7. Domestic justice: the problems of right and duty in the family - κ°€μ • λ‚΄ μ •μ˜: κ°€μ‘± λ‚΄ κΆŒλ¦¬μ™€ 의무의 λ¬Έμ œλ“€

8. Economic justice: justice in production, distribution, and exchange - 경제적 μ •μ˜: 생산, λΆ„λ°° 및 κ΅ν™˜μ—μ„œμ˜ μ •μ˜

a. Private and public property: the just distribution of economic goods - μ‚¬μœ μž¬μ‚°κ³Ό κ³΅κ³΅μž¬μ‚°: 경제적 μž¬ν™”μ˜ κ³΅μ •ν•œ λΆ„λ°°

b. Fair wages and prices: the just exchange of goods and services - κ³΅μ •ν•œ μž„κΈˆκ³Ό 가격: μƒν’ˆκ³Ό μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ˜ κ³΅μ •ν•œ κ΅ν™˜

c. Justice in the organization of production - 생산 μ‘°μ§μ—μ„œμ˜ μ •μ˜

1) Economic exploitation: chattel slavery and wage slavery - 경제적 μ°©μ·¨: μž¬μ‚° λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œμ™€ μž„κΈˆ λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œ
2) Profit and unearned increment - 이읡과 무수읡 증가뢄

d. Justice and the use of money: usury and interest rates - μ •μ˜μ™€ 화폐 μ‚¬μš©: κ³ λ¦¬λŒ€κΈˆκ³Ό 이자율

9. Political justice: justice in government - μ •μΉ˜μ  μ •μ˜: μ •λΆ€ λ‚΄ μ •μ˜

a. The natural and the conventional in political justice: natural law and the general will - μ •μΉ˜μ  μ •μ˜μ—μ„œ μžμ—°κ³Ό κ΄€μŠ΅: μžμ—°λ²•κ³Ό 일반 μ˜μ§€

b. Justice as the moral principle of political organization: the bond of men in states - μ •μΉ˜ 쑰직의 도덕 μ›λ¦¬λ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ •μ˜: κ΅­κ°€ λ‚΄ μΈκ°„λ“€μ˜ μœ λŒ€

c. The criteria of justice in various forms of government and diverse constitutions - λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ •λΆ€ ν˜•νƒœμ™€ μ—¬λŸ¬ ν—Œλ²•μ—μ„œμ˜ μ •μ˜ κΈ°μ€€

d. The relation of ruler and ruled: the justice of the prince or statesman and of the subject or citizen - μ§€λ°°μžμ™€ ν”Όμ§€λ°°μžμ˜ 관계: κ΅°μ£Ό λ˜λŠ” μ •μΉ˜κ°€μ™€ μ‹ ν•˜ λ˜λŠ” μ‹œλ―Όμ˜ μ •μ˜

e. The just distribution of honors, ranks, offices, suffrage - λͺ…μ˜ˆ, 계급, 관직, μ„ κ±°κΆŒμ˜ κ³΅μ •ν•œ λΆ„λ°°

f. Justice between states: the problem of right and might in the making of war and peace - κ΅­κ°€ κ°„μ˜ μ •μ˜: μ „μŸκ³Ό 평화 ν˜•μ„±μ—μ„œ κΆŒλ¦¬μ™€ 힘의 문제

g. The tempering of political justice by clemency: amnesty, asylum, and pardon - κ΄€μš©μ— μ˜ν•œ μ •μΉ˜μ  μ •μ˜μ˜ μ™„ν™”: 사면, 망λͺ…, 그리고 μš©μ„œ

1.. Justice and law μ •μ˜μ™€ 법

a. The measure of justice in laws made by the state: natural and constitutional standards - κ΅­κ°€κ°€ μ œμ •ν•œ λ²•μ—μ„œ μ •μ˜μ˜ 척도: μžμ—°λ²•κ³Ό ν—Œλ²•μ  κΈ°μ€€

b. The legality of unjust laws: the extent of obedience required of the just man in the unjust society - λΆ€λ‹Ήν•œ λ²•μ˜ 합법성: λΆ€λ‹Ήν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ μ •μ˜λ‘œμš΄ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μš”κ΅¬λ°›λŠ” λ³΅μ’…μ˜ 정도

c. The justice of punishment for unjust acts: the distinction between retribution and vengeance - λΆ€λ‹Ήν•œ ν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ 처벌의 μ •μ˜: 보볡과 볡수의 ꡬ별

1.. Divine justice: the relation of God or the gods to man - μ‹ μ„±ν•œ μ •μ˜: μ‹  λ˜λŠ” 신듀이 인간과 λ§ΊλŠ” 관계

a. The divine government of man: the justice and mercy of God or the gods - μΈκ°„μ˜ μ‹ μ„±ν•œ ν†΅μΉ˜: μ‹  λ˜λŠ” μ‹ λ“€μ˜ μ •μ˜μ™€ μžλΉ„

b. Man’s debt to God or the gods: the religious acts of piety and worship - μ‹  λ˜λŠ” μ‹ λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ§€λŠ” μΈκ°„μ˜ 빚: 경건과 예배의 쒅ꡐ적 ν–‰μœ„λ“€