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  • [2025-04-24 Thu 23:18]

DONE Opinion 의견

Topics μ£Όμ œλ“€

1. The different objects of knowledge and opinion: being and becoming; universal and particular; the necessary and the contingent - 지식과 의견의 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λŒ€μƒ: μ‘΄μž¬μ™€ 생성; 보편과 κ°œλ³„; ν•„μ—°κ³Ό μš°μ—°

2. The difference between the acts and sources of knowing and opining - μ•Œκ³  있음과 의견 μ œμ‹œ ν–‰μœ„ 및 근원 κ°„μ˜ 차이점

a. The influence of the emotions on the formation of opinion: wishful thinking, rationalization, prejudice - 감정이 의견 ν˜•μ„±μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯: 희망적 사고, 합리화, 편견

b. The will as cause of assent in acts of opinion - λ™μ˜ ν–‰μœ„μ—μ„œ μ›μΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ˜μ§€

c. Reasoning and argument concerning matters of opinion: comparison of demon- stration and persuasion, principles and assumptions, axioms and postulates - 의견 λ¬Έμ œμ— κ΄€ν•œ μΆ”λ‘  및 논증 : μ•…λ§ˆμ™€ 섀득, 원칙과 κ°€μ •, 곡리 및 κ°€μ„€μ˜ 비ꡐ

d. Reason, experience, and authority as sources of opinion - 이유, κ²½ν—˜, κΆŒμœ„λ₯Ό 의견의 κ·Όκ±°λ‘œμ„œ

3. Opinion, knowledge, and truth - 의견, 지식, 그리고 진리

a. The truth of knowledge and of right opinion: their difference with respect to manner of acquisition, stability, and teachability - 지식과 μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ 의견의 진리: μŠ΅λ“ 방식, μ•ˆμ •μ„±, 그리고 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ¨ κ°€λŠ₯성에 κ΄€ν•œ 차이

b. Certain and probable, adequate and inadequate knowledge: degrees of certitude; modes of assent - ν™•μ‹€ν•˜κ³  κ°œμ—°μ μΈ, μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜κ³  λΆˆμΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 지식: ν™•μ‹ μ˜ 정도; λ™μ˜μ˜ 방식

c. The skeptical reduction of human judgments to opinion - 인간 νŒλ‹¨μ„ 의견으둜 ν™˜μ›ν•˜λŠ” 회의적 μΆ•μ†Œλ²•

4. Opinion, belief, and faith - 의견, 신념, 그리고 μ‹ μ•™

a. Comparison of supernatural or religious faith with science and opinion - μ΄ˆμžμ—°μ  λ˜λŠ” 쒅ꡐ적 μ‹ μ•™κ³Ό κ³Όν•™ 및 의견의 비ꡐ

b. Criticism of superstitiouj or dogmatic belief as opinion without foundation or warrant - κ·Όκ±°λ‚˜ 보증 μ—†λŠ” μ˜κ²¬μœΌλ‘œμ„œ λ―Έμ‹ μ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ ꡐ쑰적인 신념에 λŒ€ν•œ λΉ„νŒ

5. Freedom in the sphere of opinion - 의견 μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œμ˜ 자유

a. Rights and duties with respect to the expression of opinion - 의견 ν‘œν˜„κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•œ κΆŒλ¦¬μ™€ 의무

b. Advantages and disadvantages of freedom of discussion - ν† λ‘ μ˜ 자유의 μž₯단점

6. Opinion in the realm of morals - 도덕 μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œμ˜ 의견

a. Good and evil as matters of opinion: moral standards as customs or conventions reflecting prevalent opinion - μ„ κ³Ό 악을 의견의 λ¬Έμ œλ‘œμ„œ: 도덕적 기쀀을 지배적인 μ˜κ²¬μ„ λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” κ΄€μŠ΅μ΄λ‚˜ κ΄€λ‘€λ‘œμ„œ

b. The inexactitude of moral principles as applied to particular cases - νŠΉμ • 사둀에 μ μš©λ˜λŠ” 도덕 μ›μΉ™μ˜ λΆ€μ •ν™•μ„±

7. The social and political significance of public opinion - μ—¬λ‘ μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  및 μ •μΉ˜μ  μ€‘μš”μ„±

a. The value of the majority opinion: the distinction between matters to be deter- mined by the expert or by a consensus - λ‹€μˆ˜ 의견의 κ°€μΉ˜: 전문가에 μ˜ν•΄ κ²°μ •λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  λ¬Έμ œμ™€ ν•©μ˜μ— μ˜ν•΄ κ²°μ •λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  문제의 ꡬ뢄

b. Majority rule, its merits and dangers: protections against the false weight of numbers - λ‹€μˆ˜κ²°μ˜ 원칙, κ·Έ μž₯점과 μœ„ν—˜: 수의 κ±°μ§“λœ λ¬΄κ²Œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 보호μž₯μΉ˜λ“€