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Created: 12 min read

이 λ…ΈνŠΈμ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬

법을 평화와 μ§ˆμ„œ, 곡동선을 μœ„ν•΄ μ œμ •Β·ν•΄μ„Β·μ§‘ν–‰λ˜λŠ” κ·œλ²”μœΌλ‘œ 보고 κΆŒμœ„μ™€ μ •μ˜μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό μ‚΄ν•€λ‹€. μžμ—°λ²•κ³Ό 싀정법, κΆŒν•œκ³Ό 곡포, 해석과 판결이 μ΄λ£¨λŠ” λ²•μ˜ ꡬ쑰도 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚΄ν•€λ‹€.

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  • [2025-04-24 Thu 23:02] 생성

Law 법

Topics 주제

1. The definition of law - λ²•μ˜ μ •μ˜

a. The end of law: peace, order, and the common good - λ²•μ˜ 쒅말: 평화, μ§ˆμ„œ, 그리고 곡동선

b. Law in relation to reason or will - 이성 λ˜λŠ” μ˜μ§€μ™€ κ΄€λ ¨λœ 법λ₯ 

c. The authority and power needed for making law - 법을 μ œμ •ν•˜λŠ” 데 ν•„μš”ν•œ κΆŒν•œκ³Ό ꢌλ ₯

d. The promulgation of law: the need and the manner of its declaration - λ²•μ˜ 곡포: λ²•μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„±κ³Ό 곡포 방식

2. The major kinds of law: comparison of human, natural, and divine law; comparison of natural and positive, innate and acquired, private and public, abstract and civil rights - μ£Όμš” λ²•μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜: 인간법, μžμ—°λ²•, μ‹ λ²•μ˜ 비ꡐ; μžμ—°λ²•κ³Ό 싀정법, μ„ μ²œμ  법과 ν›„μ²œμ  법, 사법과 곡법, 좔상적 κΆŒλ¦¬μ™€ μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒμ˜ 비ꡐ

3. The divine law 신법

a. The eternal law in the divine government of the universe: the law in the nature of all creatures - 우주의 신적 ν†΅μΉ˜μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œμ˜ μ˜μ›ν•œ 법: λͺ¨λ“  ν”Όμ‘°λ¬Όμ˜ 본성에 μžˆλŠ” 법

1) The natural moral law as the eternal law in human nature - 인간 본성에 μžˆλŠ” μ˜μ›ν•œ λ²•μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μžμ—° 도덕법
2) The distinction between the eternal law and the positive commandments of God - μ˜μ›ν•œ 법과 μ‹ μ˜ 긍정적 계λͺ… μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ ꡬ별

b. The divine positive law: the difference between the law revealed in the Old and the New Testament - μ‹ μ„±ν•œ 긍정적 인 법칙 : ꡬ약과 신약에 κ³„μ‹œ 된 μœ¨λ²•μ˜ 차이점

1) Law in the Old Testament: the moral, the judicial, and the ceremonial precepts of the Old Law - κ΅¬μ•½μ˜ μœ¨λ²•: ꡬ약 μœ¨λ²•μ˜ 도덕적, 사법적, μ˜μ‹μ  κ·œμ •λ“€
2) Law in the New Testament: the law of love and grace; ceremonial precepts of the New Law - μ‹ μ•½μ˜ μœ¨λ²•: μ‚¬λž‘κ³Ό μ€ν˜œμ˜ μœ¨λ²•; μƒˆ μœ¨λ²•μ˜ μ˜μ‹μ  κ·œλ‘€λ“€

4. The natural law μžμ—°λ²•

a. The law of reason or the moral law: the order and habit of its principles - μ΄μ„±μ˜ 법칙 λ˜λŠ” 도덕법: κ·Έ μ›μΉ™λ“€μ˜ μ§ˆμ„œμ™€ μŠ΅κ΄€

b. The law of men living in a state of nature - μžμ—° μƒνƒœμ— μ‚¬λŠ” μΈκ°„λ“€μ˜ 법

c. The a priori principles of innate or abstract right: universal law in the order of freedom; the objectification of the will - μ„ ν—˜μ  원리인 νƒ€κ³ λ‚œ λ˜λŠ” 좔상적 ꢌ리: 자유의 μ§ˆμ„œμ— μžˆλŠ” λ³΄νŽΈλ²•; μ˜μ§€μ˜ 객관화

d. The natural law as underlying the precepts of virtue: its relation to the moral precepts of divine law - λ•μ˜ κ³„μœ¨μ˜ κΈ°μ΄ˆλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μžμ—°λ²•: μ‹ λ²•μ˜ 도덕적 κ³„μœ¨κ³Όμ˜ 관계

e. The relation of natural law to natural rights and natural justice - μžμ—°λ²•κ³Ό μžμ—°κΆŒ 및 μžμ—° μ •μ˜μ˜ 관계

f. The relation of natural law to civil or municipal law: the state of nature and the regulations of the civil state - μžμ—°λ²•κ³Ό μ‹œλ―Όλ²• λ˜λŠ” μ§€λ°©λ²•κ³Όμ˜ 관계: μžμ—° μƒνƒœμ™€ μ‹œλ―Ό κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 규제

g. The relation of natural law to the law of nations and to international law: sov- ereign states and the state of nature < - μžμ—°λ²•κ³Ό ꡭ가법 및 κ΅­μ œλ²•μ˜ 관계: μ†ŒλΉ„μ—νŠΈ ꡭ가와 μžμ—° μƒνƒœ <

h. The precepts of the natural law and the condition of the state of nature with respect to slavery and property - λ…Έμ˜ˆμ™€ μž¬μ‚°μ— κ΄€ν•œ μžμ—°λ²•μ˜ κ΅ν›ˆκ³Ό μžμ—° μƒνƒœμ˜ 쑰건

5. The human or positive law: the sanction of coercive force - 인간법 λ˜λŠ” 싀정법: κ°•μ œλ ₯의 제재

a. The difference between laws and decrees - 법과 λͺ…λ Ήμ˜ 차이점

b. The kinds or divisions of positive law - μ‹€μ •λ²•μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜ λ˜λŠ” ꡬ뢄

c. The justice of positive law: the standards of natural law and constitutionality - μ‹€μ •λ²•μ˜ μ •μ˜: μžμ—°λ²•κ³Ό ν•©ν—Œμ„±μ˜ κΈ°μ€€

d. The origins of positive law in the legislative process: the function of the legislator - μž…λ²• κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ ν¬μ§€ν‹°λΈŒ 법λ₯ μ˜ 기원: μž…λ²•μžμ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯

e. The mutability or variability of positive law: the maintenance or change of laws - μ‹€μ •λ²•μ˜ κ°€λ³€μ„± λ˜λŠ” 변동성: λ²•μ˜ μœ μ§€ λ˜λŠ” λ³€κ²½

f. The relation of positive law to custom - 싀정법과 κ΄€μŠ΅μ˜ 관계

g. The application of positive law to cases: the casuistry of the judicial process; the conduct of a trial; the administration of justice - μ‹€μ •λ²•μ˜ 사건에 λŒ€ν•œ 적용: 사법 절차의 사둀 연ꡬ; 재판의 진행; 사법 ν–‰μ •

h. The defect of positive law: its need for correction or dispensation by equity - μ‹€μ •λ²•μ˜ 결함: ν˜•ν‰λ²•μ— μ˜ν•œ μˆ˜μ • λ˜λŠ” 면제의 ν•„μš”μ„±

6. Law and the individual - 법과 개인

a. Obedience to the authority and force of law: the sanctions of conscience and fear; the objective and subjective sanctions of law; law, duty, and right - κΆŒμœ„μ™€ λ²•μ˜ κ°•μ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 볡쒅: 양심과 λ‘λ €μ›€μ˜ 제재; λ²•μ˜ 객관적 및 주관적 제재; 법, 의무, ꢌ리

b. The exemption of the sovereign person from the coercive force of law - μ£ΌκΆŒμžκ°€ λ²•μ˜ κ°•μ œλ ₯μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ©΄μ œλ˜λŠ” 경우

c. The force of tyrannical, unjust, or bad laws: the right of rebellion or disobedience - 폭ꡰ적이고 λΆ€λ‹Ήν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ‚˜μœ λ²•μ˜ 힘: λ°˜λž€ λ˜λŠ” λΆˆλ³΅μ’…μ˜ ꢌ리

d. The educative function of law in relation to virtue and vice: the efficacy of law as limited by virtue in the individual citizen - 덕과 악에 κ΄€ν•œ λ²•μ˜ ꡐ윑적 κΈ°λŠ₯: 개인 μ‹œλ―Όμ˜ 덕에 μ˜ν•΄ μ œν•œλ˜λŠ” λ²•μ˜ 효λ ₯

e. The breach of law: crime and punishment - 법 μœ„λ°˜: 범죄와 처벌

1) The nature and causes of crime - λ²”μ£„μ˜ 본질과 원인
2) The prevention of crime - 범죄 예방
3) The punishment of crime 범죄 처벌

7. Law and the state - 법과 κ΅­κ°€

a. The distinction between government by men and government by laws: th<nature of constitutional or political law - μ‚¬λžŒμ— μ˜ν•œ ν†΅μΉ˜μ™€ 법에 μ˜ν•œ ν†΅μΉ˜μ˜ ꡬ별: ν—Œλ²• λ˜λŠ” μ •μΉ˜λ²•μ˜ 본질

b. The supremacy of law as the principle of political freedom - μ •μΉ˜μ  자유의 μ›μΉ™μœΌλ‘œμ„œ λ²•μ˜ μ΅œκ³ μ„±

c. The priority of natural to civil law: the inviolability or inalienability of natural rights - μžμ—°λ²•μ΄ μ‹œλ―Όλ²•μ— μš°μ„ ν•¨: μžμ—°κΆŒμ˜ λΆˆκ°€μΉ¨μ„± λ˜λŠ” 양도 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯μ„±

d. Tyranny and treason or sedition as illegal acts: the use of force without authority - λΆˆλ²• ν–‰μœ„λ‘œμ„œμ˜ 폭정과 λ°˜μ—­ λ˜λŠ” 선동: κΆŒν•œ μ—†λŠ” 무λ ₯ μ‚¬μš©

e. The need for administrative discretion in matters undetermined by law: the royal prerogative - 법에 μ˜ν•΄ κ²°μ •λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ‚¬μ•ˆμ—μ„œ ν–‰μ • μž¬λŸ‰μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„±: μ™•μ‹€ 특ꢌ

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