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  • [2025-04-24 Thu 23:10]

ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ โ€˜๊ตฐ์ฃผโ€™

DONE Monarchy ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ

  • Monarchy - Link ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ - ๋งํฌ

Topics ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค

1. The definition of monarchy and the classification of the types of kingship - ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ์™•๊ถŒ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜

a. The distinction between royal and political government - ์™•์‹ค ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์ •์น˜ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ 

1) Absolute or personal rule contrasted with constitutional government or rule by law - ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ฃผ์˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ ํ†ต์น˜๋Š” ์ž…ํ—Œ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์น˜์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๋œ๋‹ค
2) The theory of absolute government: the nature of absolute power; the rights and duties of the monarch; the radical inequality between ruler and ruled in absolute government - ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ด๋ก : ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ; ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์˜๋ฌด; ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ํ†ต์น˜์ž์™€ ํ”ผํ†ต์น˜์ž ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ

b. Modifications of absolute monarchy: other embodiments of the monarchical principle - ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•: ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ ์›๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ํ˜•ํƒœ

1) The combination of monarchy with other forms of government: the mixed regime - ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ถ€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ: ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์ •์ฒด
2) Constitutional or limited monarchy - ์ž…ํ—Œ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ
3) The monarchical principle in the executive branch of republican government - ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ์ •๋ถ€ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ ์›์น™

c. The principle of succession in monarchies - ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ์Šน๊ณ„ ์›์น™

2. The theory of royalty - ์™•๊ถŒ ์ด๋ก 

a. The divinity of kings - ์™•์˜ ์‹ ์„ฑ์„ฑ

b. The analogy between divine government and rule by the best man: the philos- opher king - ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ํ†ต์น˜์™€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ธ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ์™•์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ†ต์น˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์œ ์ถ”

c. The divine institution of kings: the theory of the divine right of kings - ์™•์˜ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์ œ๋„: ์™•์˜ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ์ด๋ก 

d. The myth of the royal personage: the attributes of royalty and the burdens of monarchy - ์™•์‹ค ์ธ๋ฌผ์˜ ์‹ ํ™”: ์™•์กฑ์˜ ์†์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด

3. The use and abuse of monarchical power - ๊ตฐ์ฃผ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์šฉ

a. The good king and the benevolent despot in the service of their subjects: the education of the prince - ์„ ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ์™•๊ณผ ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ๋…์žฌ์ž: ์™•์ž์˜ ๊ต์œก

b. The exploitation of absolute power for personal aggrandizement: the strategies of princes and tyrants - ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฐฉ์ทจ: ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์™€ ํญ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ „๋žต

4. Comparison of monarchy with other forms of government - ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ถ€ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋น„๊ต

a. The patriarchical character of kingship: absolute rule in the family or tribe, and paternalism in the state - ์™•๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ: ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ†ต์น˜์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋ถ€๊ถŒ์ฃผ์˜

b. The line which divides monarchy from despotism and tyranny - ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ์ „์ œ์ •์น˜ ๋ฐ ํญ์ • ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์„ 

c. The differences between kingdoms and republics with respect to unity, wealth, and extent of territory - ํ†ต์ผ์„ฑ, ๋ถ€, ์˜ํ† ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์™•๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ 

d. The defense of monarchy or royal rule - ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ์™•๊ถŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์–ด

1) The necessity for absolute government - ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ
2) Monarchy as the best or most efficient of the several good forms of govern- ment - ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข‹์€ ์ •๋ถ€ ํ˜•ํƒœ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ
3) The preference for the mixed regime: defense of royal prerogatives as abso- lute in their sphere - ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์ •์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ˜ธ: ๊ฐ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์™•๊ถŒ์˜ ์˜นํ˜ธ

e. The attack on monarchy or absolute government - ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ •๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ

1) The paternalistic or despotic character of monarchy: the rejection of benev- olent despotism; the advantages of constitutional safeguards - ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์  ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์ œ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ: ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ์ „์ œ์ •์น˜์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€; ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์  ์•ˆ์ „์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ด์ 
2) The justification of absolute rule or benevolent despotism for peoples in- capable of self-government - ์ž์น˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ†ต์น˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž๋น„๋กœ์šด ์ „์ œ์ •์น˜์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™”
4) The illegality of royal usurpations of power in a mixed regime: the limita- tions of royal prerogative in a constitutional monarchy - ํ˜ผํ•ฉ ์ •๊ถŒ์—์„œ ์™•๊ถŒ ์ฐฌํƒˆ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์„ฑ: ์ž…ํ—Œ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ์—์„œ ์™•๊ถŒ ํŠน๊ถŒ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„

5. The absolute government of colonies, dependencies, or conquered peoples - ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€, ์†๋ น ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณต๋œ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ํ†ต์น˜

a. The justification of imperial rule: the rights of the conqueror; the unifying and civilizing achievements of empire - ์ œ๊ตญ ํ†ต์น˜์˜ ์ •๋‹นํ™”: ์ •๋ณต์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ; ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ๋ช…ํ™” ์„ฑ๊ณผ

b. The injustice of imperialism: exploitation and despotism - ์ œ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ถ€์ •์˜: ์ฐฉ์ทจ์™€ ์ „์ œ์ •์น˜

6. The history of monarchy: its origin and developments - ๊ตฐ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ: ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์›๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „