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  • [2025-06-01 Sun 11:43] 메타λ₯Ό 톡합. μžμ—°μ€ μ‹ ν† ν”Όμ½˜ ν•˜λ‚˜λ‹€.
  • [2025-04-24 Thu 23:11] 생성

관련메타

KEYWORDS: μžμ—°

Nature μžμ—°

Topics μ£Όμ œλ“€

1. Conceptions of nature μžμ—°μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ°œλ…

a. Nature as the intrinsic source of a thing’s properties and behavior - μ‚¬λ¬Όμ˜ 속성과 ν–‰λ™μ˜ λ‚΄μž¬μ  μ›μ²œμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μžμ—°

1) The distinction between essential and individual nature: generic or specific properties, and individual, contingent accidents

본질적 λ³Έμ„±κ³Ό κ°œλ³„μ  λ³Έμ„±μ˜ ꡬ뢄: 일반적 λ˜λŠ” νŠΉμ • 속성, 그리고 κ°œλ³„μ μ΄κ³  우발적인 λΆ€μˆ˜μ  νŠΉμ„±λ“€

2) Nature or essence in relation to matter and form

물질과 ν˜•μƒμ— κ΄€ν•œ λ³Έμ„± λ˜λŠ” 본질

b. Nature as the universe or the totality of things: the identification of God and nature; the distinction between natura naturans and natura naturata

우주 λ˜λŠ” 만물의 μ΄μ²΄λ‘œμ„œμ˜ μžμ—°: μ‹ κ³Ό μžμ—°μ˜ λ™μΌμ‹œ; natura naturans와 natura naturata의 ꡬ별

c. Nature as the complex of the objects of sense: the realm of things existing under the determination of universal laws

감각 λŒ€μƒμ˜ λ³΅ν•©μ²΄λ‘œμ„œμ˜ μžμ—°: 보편적 λ²•μΉ™μ˜ μ§€λ°° ν•˜μ— μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λ¬Όμ˜ μ˜μ—­

2. The antitheses of nature or the natural

μžμ—° λ˜λŠ” μžμ—°μ μΈ κ²ƒμ˜ λŒ€λ¦½ κ°œλ…λ“€

a. Nature and art: the imitation of nature; cooperation with nature - μžμ—°κ³Ό 예술: μžμ—°μ˜ λͺ¨λ°©; μžμ—°κ³Όμ˜ ν˜‘λ ₯

b. Nature and convention: the state of nature and the state of society - μžμ—°κ³Ό κ΄€μŠ΅: μžμ—°μ˜ μƒνƒœμ™€ μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ μƒνƒœ

c. Nature and nurture: the innate or native and the acquired; habit as second nature

μžμ—°κ³Ό μ–‘μœ‘: νƒ€κ³ λ‚œ 것과 ν›„μ²œμ μΈ 것; μŠ΅κ΄€μ€ 제2의 μ²œμ„±μ΄λ‹€

d. Natural and violent motion - μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ³  κ²©λ ¬ν•œ μ›€μ§μž„

e. The natural and the unnatural or monstrous: the normal and the abnormal - μžμ—°κ³Ό λΆ€μžμ—° λ˜λŠ” κ΄΄λ¬Ό 같은 것: 정상과 비정상

f. The order of nature and the order of freedom: the phenomenal and the noumenal worlds; the antithesis of nature and spirit - μžμ—°μ˜ μ§ˆμ„œμ™€ 자유의 μ§ˆμ„œ: ν˜„μƒκ³„μ™€ 물자체 세계; μžμ—°κ³Ό μ •μ‹ μ˜ λŒ€λ¦½

3. The order of nature - μžμ—°μ˜ μ§ˆμ„œ

a. The rationality of nature: the maxims and laws of nature - μžμ—°μ˜ 합리성: μžμ—°μ˜ 격언과 법칙듀

b. Continuity and hierarchy in the order of nature - μžμ—° μ§ˆμ„œμ—μ„œμ˜ 연속성과 계측성

c. Nature and causality μžμ—°κ³Ό 인과관계

1) The distinction between the regular and the chance event: the uniformity of nature - κ·œμΉ™μ μΈ 사건과 μš°μ—°ν•œ μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ ꡬ별: μžμ—°μ˜ 균일성

2) The determinations of nature distinguished from the voluntary or free - μžλ°œμ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ 자유둜운 것과 κ΅¬λ³„λ˜λŠ” μžμ—°μ˜ κ²°μ •λ“€

3) Teleology in nature: the operation of final causes - μžμ—°μ—μ„œμ˜ λͺ©μ λ‘ : μ΅œμ’… μ›μΈμ˜ μž‘μš©

4) Divine causality in relation to the course of nature: the preservation of nature; providence; miracles - μžμ—°μ˜ 경과와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ‹ μ„±ν•œ 인과성: μžμ—°μ˜ 보쑴; 섭리; 기적

4. Knowledge of nature or the natural - μžμ—° λ˜λŠ” μžμ—°μ μΈ 것에 λŒ€ν•œ 지식

a. Nature or essence as an object of definition

μ •μ˜μ˜ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μžμ—° λ˜λŠ” 본질

b. Nature in relation to diverse types of science:

the theoretic and the practical sciences; natural philosophy or science, mathematics, and metaphysics

λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ κ³Όν•™ μœ ν˜•κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ μžμ—°: 이둠 κ³Όν•™κ³Ό μ‹€μ²œ κ³Όν•™; μžμ—° μ² ν•™ λ˜λŠ” κ³Όν•™, μˆ˜ν•™, 그리고 ν˜•μ΄μƒν•™

c. Nature as an object of history

μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μžμ—°

5. Nature or the natural as the standard of the right and the good - 옳음과 μ„ μ˜ κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μžμ—° λ˜λŠ” μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ¬μ›€

a. Human nature in relation to the good for man - 인간 λ³Έμ„±κ³Ό μΈκ°„μ—κ²Œ 쒋은 κ²ƒκ³Όμ˜ 관계

b. Natural inclinations and natural needs with respect to property and wealth - μž¬μ‚°κ³Ό 뢀에 κ΄€ν•œ μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ μ„±ν–₯κ³Ό μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ ν•„μš”μ„±

c. The naturalness of the state and political obligation - ꡭ가와 μ •μΉ˜μ  의무의 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ¬μ›€

d. The natural as providing a canon of beauty for production or judgment - μžμ—°μ€ μƒμ‚°μ΄λ‚˜ νŒλ‹¨μ„ μœ„ν•œ 미의 기쀀을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ΄λ‹€

6. Nature in religion and theology - 쒅ꡐ와 μ‹ ν•™μ—μ„œμ˜ μžμ—°

a. The personification and worship of nature - μžμ—°μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ˜μΈν™”μ™€ 숭배

b. Nature and grace in human life - 인간 μ‚Άμ—μ„œμ˜ μžμ—°κ³Ό μ€ν˜œ