BIBLIOGRAPHY

History

  • [2025-04-24 Thu 23:38]

DONE Will μ˜μ§€

  • Will - Link 윌 - 링크
  • Top down cognitive process (human) - 상ν–₯식 인지 κ³Όμ • (인간)
  • Goal (human) λͺ©ν‘œ (인간)

Topics 주제

1. The existence and nature of will: its relation to reason or mind and to desire or emotion - μ˜μ§€μ˜ μ‘΄μž¬μ™€ 본질: 이성 λ˜λŠ” 마음과 μš•λ§ λ˜λŠ” κ°μ •κ³Όμ˜ 관계

2. The analysis of the power and acts of the will - μ˜μ§€μ˜ 힘과 ν–‰μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ 뢄석

a. The objects of the will: the scope of its power - μ˜μ§€μ˜ λŒ€μƒ: κ·Έ 힘의 λ²”μœ„

b. The motivation of the will - μ˜μ§€μ˜ 동기

1) The rational determination of the will’s acts by judgments concerning good and evil or by the moral law - μ„ κ³Ό 악에 κ΄€ν•œ νŒλ‹¨μ΄λ‚˜ 도덕법에 μ˜ν•œ μ˜μ§€ ν–‰μœ„μ˜ 합리적 κ²°μ •
2) The sensitive determination of the will’s acts by estimations of benefit and harm, or pleasure and pain: the impulsion of the passions - 이읡과 ν•΄μ•…, λ˜λŠ” 쾌락과 κ³ ν†΅μ˜ 평가에 μ˜ν•œ μ˜μ§€ ν–‰μœ„μ˜ λ―Όκ°ν•œ κ²°μ •: μ •μ—΄μ˜ 좩동

c. The acts of the will I0 gg - μ˜μ§€μ˜ ν–‰μœ„ I0 gg

1) The classification and order of the will’s acts: means and ends - μ˜μ§€ ν–‰μœ„μ˜ λΆ„λ₯˜μ™€ μˆœμ„œ: μˆ˜λ‹¨κ³Ό λͺ©μ 
2) The several acts of the will with respect to ends: their antecedents and con- sequences - λͺ©μ μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ˜μ§€μ˜ μ—¬λŸ¬ ν–‰μœ„: κ·Έ μ„ ν–‰ 쑰건과 κ²°κ³Όλ“€
3) The several acts of the will with respect to means: their antecedents and consequences - μˆ˜λ‹¨μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ˜μ§€μ˜ μ—¬λŸ¬ ν–‰μœ„: κ·Έ μ„ ν–‰ 쑰건과 κ²°κ³Όλ“€

3. The functioning of will in human conduct and thought - μΈκ°„μ˜ 행동과 μ‚¬κ³ μ—μ„œ μ˜μ§€μ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯

a. The role of the will in behavior - ν–‰λ™μ—μ„œ μ˜μ§€μ˜ μ—­ν• 

1) The distinction between the voluntary and the involuntary: the conditions of voluntariness; comparison of men and animals with respect to volun- tary behavior I0 g - μžλ°œμ„±κ³Ό λΉ„μžλ°œμ„±μ˜ ꡬ별: μžλ°œμ„±μ˜ 쑰건; 자발적 행동에 κ΄€ν•œ 인간과 λ™λ¬Όμ˜ 비ꡐ I0 g
2) The range of purposive conduct: the relation of habit and instinct to the voluntary - λͺ©μ  μžˆλŠ” ν–‰μœ„μ˜ λ²”μœ„: μŠ΅κ΄€κ³Ό λ³ΈλŠ₯이 자발적 ν–‰μœ„μ™€μ˜ 관계

b. The role of the will in thought - μ‚¬κ³ μ—μ„œ μ˜μ§€μ˜ μ—­ν• 

1) The distinction between knowledge and opinion in relation to the willful in thought: the will to believe and wishful thinking - μ‚¬κ³ μ—μ„œ μ˜μ§€μ μΈ 것과 κ΄€λ ¨λœ 지식과 의견의 ꡬ별: 믿고자 ν•˜λŠ” μ˜μ§€μ™€ 희망적 사고
2) The will as cause of error - 였λ₯˜μ˜ μ›μΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ˜μ§€
3) Religious faith as dependent on an act of will or practical reason - 쒅ꡐ적 신앙은 μ˜μ§€ ν–‰μœ„λ‚˜ μ‹€μ²œ 이성에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•œλ‹€

4. The divine will μ‹ μ„±ν•œ μ˜μ§€

a. The relation of the divine will and intellect - μ‹ μ„±ν•œ μ˜μ§€μ™€ μ§€μ„±μ˜ 관계

b. The freedom of the divine will: the divine will in relation to the possible and the impossible - μ‹ μ„±ν•œ μ˜μ§€μ˜ 자유: κ°€λŠ₯κ³Ό λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯에 λŒ€ν•œ μ‹ μ„±ν•œ μ˜μ§€μ˜ 관계

5. The freedom of the will - μ˜μ§€μ˜ 자유

a. Interpretations of the meaning of free will - 자유 μ˜μ§€μ˜ μ˜λ―Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 해석

1) The freedom of the will as consisting in a freely determined choice or a free judgment of the reason - 자유 μ˜μ§€λŠ” 자유둭게 κ²°μ •λœ 선택 λ˜λŠ” μ΄μ„±μ˜ 자유둜운 νŒλ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λœλ‹€
2) The freedom of the will as consisting in the freedom of a man to act or not to act: freedom from external constraints or coercions - 자유 μ˜μ§€λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν–‰μœ„ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ ν–‰μœ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 자유, 즉 μ™ΈλΆ€μ˜ μ œμ•½μ΄λ‚˜ κ°•μ œμ—μ„œμ˜ 자유둜 κ΅¬μ„±λœλ‹€
3) The freedom of the will as consisting in a totally uncaused or spontaneous act - 자유 μ˜μ§€λŠ” μ „ν˜€ 원인이 μ—†κ±°λ‚˜ 자발적인 ν–‰μœ„λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λœλ‹€
4) The freedom of the will as the autonomy of the reason legislating for itself: the identity of pure will and free will - 슀슀둜 μž…λ²•ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μ„±μ˜ μžμœ¨μ„±μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ˜μ§€μ˜ 자유: 순수 μ˜μ§€μ™€ 자유 μ˜μ§€μ˜ 동일성

b. Arguments for the freedom of the will - μ˜μ§€μ˜ μžμœ μ— λŒ€ν•œ 논증

1) Man’s immediate consciousness of his freedom of choice: reason’s reflexive knowledge of its autonomy - μ„ νƒμ˜ μžμœ μ— λŒ€ν•œ μΈκ°„μ˜ 즉각적인 μ˜μ‹: μžμœ¨μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ΄μ„±μ˜ λ°˜μ„±μ  지식
2) The freedom of the will as deriving from the indetermination of practical reason judging particular goods - νŠΉμ •ν•œ 선을 νŒλ‹¨ν•˜λŠ” μ‹€μ²œ μ΄μ„±μ˜ λΆˆν™•μ •μ„±μ—μ„œ μœ λž˜ν•˜λŠ” μ˜μ§€μ˜ 자유
3) The deduction of free will from the moral law or from the fact of pure practical reason - λ„λ•λ²•μΉ™μ΄λ‚˜ 순수 μ‹€μ²œ μ΄μ„±μ˜ μ‚¬μ‹€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 자유 μ˜μ§€μ˜ μ—°μ—­
4) Free will as a pragmatic option: the postuiation of free will as an indis- pensable condition of moral responsibility and action - μ‹€μš©μ  μ„ νƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 자유 μ˜μ§€: 도덕적 μ±…μž„κ³Ό ν–‰μœ„μ˜ ν•„μˆ˜ μ‘°κ±΄μœΌλ‘œμ„œ 자유 μ˜μ§€μ˜ κ°€μ •

c. Arguments against the freedom of the will: free will as a violation of the course of nature or the reign of causality; the impossibility of proving free will - 자유 μ˜μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 반둠: μžμ—°μ˜ λ²•μΉ™μ΄λ‚˜ 인과율의 μ§€λ°°λ₯Ό μœ„λ°˜ν•˜λŠ” 자유 μ˜μ§€; 자유 μ˜μ§€λ₯Ό 증λͺ…ν•  수 μ—†μŒ

6. The analysis of the will’s range of freedom - μ˜μ§€μ˜ 자유 λ²”μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ 뢄석

a. The limitations on the freedom of the will: the distinction between acts of the will which are necessitated and acts of the will which are free - μ˜μ§€μ˜ μžμœ μ— λŒ€ν•œ ν•œκ³„: 필연적인 μ˜μ§€ ν–‰μœ„μ™€ 자유둜운 μ˜μ§€ ν–‰μœ„μ˜ ꡬ별

b. The distinction between the will’s freedom of exercise and the will’s freedom of choice - μœ μ–Έμž₯의 행사 μžμœ μ™€ μœ μ–Έμž₯ μ„ νƒμ˜ 자유의 차이점

c. The distinction between voluntary behavior and behavior resulting from free choice: comparison of men and animals with respect to freedom - 자발적 행동과 자유 μ˜μ§€μ— λ”°λ₯Έ ν–‰λ™μ˜ ꡬ별: μžμœ μ— κ΄€ν•œ 인간과 λ™λ¬Όμ˜ 비ꡐ

7. The implications of free will - 자유 μ˜μ§€μ˜ ν•¨μ˜

a. Free will as a source of human dignity: its relation to slavery and civil liberty - 인간 μ‘΄μ—„μ„±μ˜ μ›μ²œμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 자유 μ˜μ§€: λ…Έμ˜ˆμ œμ™€ μ‹œλ―Ό μžμœ μ™€μ˜ 관계

b. The factors of freedom and necessity in the philosophy of history - 역사 μ² ν•™μ—μ„œ μžμœ μ™€ ν•„μ—°μ„±μ˜ μš”μ†Œ

c. Human freedom in relation to the will of God: fate, predestination, and provi- dence - μ‹ μ˜ 뜻과 κ΄€λ ¨λœ μΈκ°„μ˜ 자유: 운λͺ…, μ˜ˆμ •, 섭리

d. God as the object of the human will: the quiescence of the will in the beatific vision - 인간 μ˜μ§€μ˜ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ‹ : 볡된 μ‹œν˜„μ—μ„œ μ˜μ§€μ˜ κ³ μš”ν•¨

e. Free will in relation to sin and salvation - 죄와 ꡬ원에 κ΄€ν•œ 자유 μ˜μ§€

1) The freedom to sin: Adam’s freedom and the freedom of fallen human nature - 죄λ₯Ό 지을 자유: μ•„λ‹΄μ˜ μžμœ μ™€ νƒ€λ½ν•œ 인간 λ³Έμ„±μ˜ 자유
2) The relation of freedom to grace - μ€ν˜œμ™€ 자유의 관계

8. The will as a factor in morality and in society - 도덕성과 μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ μ˜μ§€μ˜ μ—­ν• 

a. The inviolability of the will: its freedom from external compulsions or constraints - μ˜μ§€μ˜ λΆˆκ°€μΉ¨μ„±: μ™ΈλΆ€μ˜ κ°•μ œλ‚˜ μ œμ•½μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°μ˜ 자유

b. The goodness or malice of the will - μ˜μ§€μ˜ 선함 λ˜λŠ” μ•…μ˜

1) The conditions of the will’s rectitude or disorder - μ˜μ§€μ˜ μ˜¬λ°”λ¦„ λ˜λŠ” ν˜Όλž€μ˜ 쑰건
2) A good will as the exclusive or principal human good - λ…μ μ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ 주된 μΈκ°„μ˜ μ„ μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ„ ν•œ μ˜μ§€

c. The will and virtue: justice and charity as habits of the will - μ˜μ§€μ™€ 덕: μ˜μ§€μ˜ μŠ΅κ΄€μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ •μ˜μ™€ μžμ„ 

d. The will and duty: the categorical imperative - μ˜μ§€μ™€ 의무: μ ˆλŒ€μ  λͺ…λ Ή

e. The will and right: the harmony of individual wills in external practical relations - μ˜μ§€μ™€ ꢌ리: μ™ΈλΆ€ μ‹€μ²œ κ΄€κ³„μ—μ„œ 개인 μ˜μ§€μ˜ μ‘°ν™”

9. Differences among men in the sphere of will - μ˜μ§€ μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ 남성듀 κ°„μ˜ 차이점

a. The distinction between men of strong and weak will: cultivation of will power - κ°•ν•œ μ˜μ§€μ™€ μ•½ν•œ μ˜μ§€λ₯Ό κ°€μ§„ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ ꡬ별: μ˜μ§€λ ₯ λ°°μ–‘

b. The pathology of the will: indecision, obsession, compulsion, inhibition - μ˜μ§€μ˜ 병리학: μš°μœ λΆ€λ‹¨, μ§‘μ°©, κ°•λ°•, μ–΅μ œ

1.. Will as a term in political theory - μ •μΉ˜ μ΄λ‘ μ—μ„œμ˜ μ˜μ§€λΌλŠ” μš©μ–΄

a. The sovereign will: the will of the people; the will of the majority - 주ꢌ μ˜μ§€: ꡭ민의 μ˜μ§€; λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ μ˜μ§€

b. The relation of law to will - 법과 μ˜μ§€μ˜ 관계

c. The general will, particular wills, the will of each, and the will of all noo - 일반 μ˜μ§€, κ°œλ³„ μ˜μ§€, 각자의 μ˜μ§€, 그리고 λͺ¨λ‘μ˜ μ˜μ§€