BIBLIOGRAPHY

History

  • [2025-04-24 Thu 15:31]

DONE Being 쑴재

  • Being - Link 쑴재 - 링크

See also: λ˜ν•œ μ°Έμ‘°:

  • ontology 쑴재둠

Topics 주제

1. Diverse conceptions of being and non-being: being as a term or concept; the meanings of wand is not - μ‘΄μž¬μ™€ λΉ„μ‘΄μž¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ κ°œλ…: μ‘΄μž¬λΌλŠ” μš©μ–΄λ‚˜ κ°œλ…; wand의 μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹€

2. Being and the one and the many - μ‘΄μž¬μ™€ 일자 그리고 λ‹€μž

a. Infinite being and the plurality of finite beings - λ¬΄ν•œν•œ μ‘΄μž¬μ™€ μœ ν•œν•œ μ‘΄μž¬λ“€μ˜ λ‹€μˆ˜μ„±

b. The unity of a being - 쑴재의 톡일성

3. Being and good μ‘΄μž¬μ™€ μ„ 

a. The hierarchy of being: grades of reality, degrees of intelligibility - 쑴재의 μœ„κ³„: ν˜„μ‹€μ˜ λ“±κΈ‰, 이해 κ°€λŠ₯μ„±μ˜ 정도

b. Being as the object of love and desire - μ‚¬λž‘κ³Ό μš•λ§μ˜ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 쑴재

4. Being and truth μ‘΄μž¬μ™€ 진리

a. Being as the pervasive object of mind, and the formal object of the first philoso- phy, metaphysics, or dialectic - 마음의 λ§Œμ—°ν•œ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 쑴재, 그리고 첫 번째 철학인 ν˜•μ΄μƒν•™ λ˜λŠ” λ³€μ¦λ²•μ˜ ν˜•μ‹μ  λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 쑴재

b. Being as the measure of truth in judgments of the mind: clarity and distinctness as criteria of the reality of an idea - 마음의 νŒλ‹¨μ—μ„œ μ§„λ¦¬μ˜ μ²™λ„λ‘œμ„œμ˜ 쑴재: μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄μ˜ μ‹€μž¬μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ λͺ…λ£Œμ„±κ³Ό λͺ…확성을 κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ

5. Being and becoming: the reality of change; the nature of mutable being - μ‘΄μž¬μ™€ 생성: λ³€ν™”μ˜ μ‹€μž¬; λ³€ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 쑴재의 본질

6. The cause of existence - 쑴재의 원인

7. The divisions or modes of being - 쑴재의 ꡬ뢄 λ˜λŠ” 양상

a. The distinction between essence and existence: existence as the act of being - 본질과 쑴재의 ꡬ별: 쑴재λ₯Ό 쑴재 ν–‰μœ„λ‘œμ„œ

b. The distinction between substance and attribute, accident or modification: independent and dependent being - 싀체와 속성, λΆ€μˆ˜μ  μ„±μ§ˆ λ˜λŠ” λ³€ν˜•μ˜ ꡬ별: 독립적 μ‘΄μž¬μ™€ 의쑴적 쑴재

1) The conceptions of substance - μ‹€μ²΄μ˜ κ°œλ…
2) Corporeal and spiritual substances, composite and simple substances: the kinds of substance in relation to matter and form - 물질적 및 영적 싀체, 볡합 및 λ‹¨μˆœ 싀체: μ§ˆλ£Œμ™€ ν˜•μƒμ— κ΄€ν•œ μ‹€μ²΄μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜
3) Corruptible and incorruptible substances - λΆ€νŒ¨ν•˜λŠ” 싀체와 λΆ€νŒ¨ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 싀체
4) Extension and thought as dependent substances or as attributes of infinite substance - λ¬΄ν•œ μ‹€μ²΄μ˜ μ†μ„±μœΌλ‘œμ„œ λ˜λŠ” μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” μ‹€μ²΄λ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ—°μž₯κ³Ό μ‚¬μœ 
5) Substance as subject to change and to different kinds of change: the role of accidents or modifications - 변화와 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 변화에 λŒ€ν•œ μ£Όμ²΄λ‘œμ„œμ˜ 싀체: μ‚¬κ³ λ‚˜ λ³€ν˜•μ˜ μ—­ν•  - * f. The nature and kinds of accidents or modifications - μ‚¬κ³ λ‚˜ λ³€ν˜•μ˜ 본질과 μ’…λ₯˜

c. The distinction between potentiality and actuality: possible and actual being - κ°€λŠ₯μ„±κ³Ό ν˜„μ‹€μ„±μ˜ ꡬ별: κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ‘΄μž¬μ™€ μ‹€μ œ 쑴재

1) The order of potentiality and actuality - κ°€λŠ₯μ„±κ³Ό ν˜„μ‹€μ„±μ˜ μˆœμ„œ
2) Types of potency and degrees of actuality - κ°€λŠ₯μ„±μ˜ μœ ν˜•κ³Ό ν˜„μ‹€μ„±μ˜ 정도
3) Potentiality and actuality in relation to matter and form - μ§ˆλ£Œμ™€ ν˜•μƒμ— κ΄€ν•œ κ°€λŠ₯μ„±κ³Ό ν˜„μ‹€μ„±

d. The distinction between real and ideal being, or between natural being and being in mind - μ‹€μž¬μ  μ‘΄μž¬μ™€ 이상적 쑴재, λ˜λŠ” μžμ—°μ  μ‘΄μž¬μ™€ λ§ˆμŒμ† 쑴재의 ꡬ별

1) The being of the possible - κ°€λŠ₯μ„±μ˜ 쑴재
2) The being of ideas, universals, rights - 관념, 보편, ꢌ리의 쑴재
3) The being of mathematical objects - μˆ˜ν•™μ  λŒ€μƒμ˜ 쑴재
4) The being of relations - κ΄€κ³„μ˜ 쑴재
5) The being of fictions and negations - ν—ˆκ΅¬μ™€ λΆ€μ •μ˜ 쑴재

e. The distinction between appearance and reality, between the sensible and supra- sensible, between the phenomenal and noumenal orders - ν˜„μƒκ³Ό μ‹€μž¬, 감각적 세계와 초감각적 세계, ν˜„μƒκ³„μ™€ λ¬Όμžμ²΄κ³„ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ ꡬ별

8. Being and knowledge μ‘΄μž¬μ™€ 지식

a. Being and becoming in relation to sense: perception and imagination - 감각과 κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ‘΄μž¬μ™€ 생성: 지각과 상상

b. Being and becoming in relation to intellect: abstraction and intuition - μ§€μ„±κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ‘΄μž¬μ™€ 생성: 좔상과 직관

c. Essence or substance as the object of definition: real and nominal essences - μ •μ˜μ˜ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 본질 λ˜λŠ” 싀체: μ‹€μž¬ 본질과 λͺ…λͺ©μƒμ˜ 본질

d. The role of essence in demonstration: the use of essence, property, and accident in inference - 증λͺ…μ—μ„œ 본질의 μ—­ν• : μΆ”λ‘ μ—μ„œ 본질, 속성, μš°μ—°μ˜ μ‚¬μš©

e. The accidental in relation to science and definition - κ³Όν•™κ³Ό μ •μ˜μ— κ΄€ν•œ μš°μ—°μ  μš”μ†Œ

f. Judgments and demonstrations of existence: their sources and validity - μ‘΄μž¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ νŒλ‹¨κ³Ό 증λͺ…: κ·Έ μΆœμ²˜μ™€ 타당성