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  • [2025-04-24 Thu 23:19]

DONE Physics ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™

  • Physics - Link ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™ - ๋งํฌ

Topics ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค

1. Physics as the general theory of becoming and the order of nature or change: philo- sophical physics, the philosophy of nature, pure or rational physics - ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์งˆ์„œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™: ์ฒ ํ•™์  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™, ์ž์—ฐ์ฒ ํ•™, ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์„ฑ์  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™

a. The relation of the philosophy of nature to metaphysics and dialectic - ์ž์—ฐ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ํ˜•์ด์ƒํ•™ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์ฆ๋ฒ•๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„

b. The relation of the philosophy of nature to mathematics: mathematical method and mathematical principles in natural philosophy - ์ž์—ฐ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„: ์ž์—ฐ์ฒ ํ•™์—์„œ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์›๋ฆฌ

2. Experimental physics and the empirical natural sciences: the relation of experimental and philosophical physics - ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™: ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ์ฒ ํ•™์  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„

a. The derivation of definitions, distinctions, and principles from the philosophy of nature: the metaphysics of the scientist - ์ž์—ฐ์ฒ ํ•™์—์„œ ์ •์˜, ๊ตฌ๋ณ„, ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ: ๊ณผํ•™์ž์˜ ํ˜•์ด์ƒํ•™

b. The treatment of causes in philosophical and empirical physics: description and explanation, theory and prediction - ์ฒ ํ•™์  ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ ์›์ธ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ: ์„œ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์„ค๋ช…, ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์ธก

3. The role of mathematics in the natural sciences: observation and measurement in relation to mathematical formulations - ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ์—ญํ• : ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ณต์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ •

4. The experimental method in the study of nature - ์ž์—ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

a. The distinction between simple observation and experimentation: the art of creating ideal or isolated physical systems - ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„: ์ด์ƒ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ 

b. Experimental discovery: inductive generalization from experiment; the role of theory or hypothesis in experimentation - ์‹คํ—˜์  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ: ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ท€๋‚ฉ์  ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”; ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์ด๋ก  ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ์—ญํ• 

c. Experimental testing and verification: the crucial experiment - ์‹คํ—˜์  ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์ฆ: ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜

d. Experimental measurement: the application of mathematical formulae - ์‹คํ—˜์  ์ธก์ •: ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ณต์‹์˜ ์ ์šฉ

5. The utility of physics: the invention of machines; the techniques of engineering; the mastery of nature - ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ: ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…; ๊ณตํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ; ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ