†#철학 10.5

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Division V. Philosophy

[For Part Ten headnote see page 479.]

The outlines in the three sections of Division V treat the history of philosophy; the nature and the divisions of philosophy; and philosophical schools and doctrines. The outline in Section 10/51 presents a synoptic history of philosophy. After treating the history of Western philosophy and of non-Western philosophies, the outline indicates other sections that treat philosophies associated with religions.

Section 10/52 first deals with theories about philosophy as a whole: theories about its nature, scope, methods, forms of exposition, and about the criteria of meaning and truth in philosophical thought. It then treats the traditional component disciplines of philosophy: metaphysics, the philosophy of nature, epistemology, the philosophy of mind, the philosophy of mankind, ethics, political philosophy, and aesthetics. In the case of each of these eight disciplines, the outline treats its historical development; its nature and scope; its relations to other branches of philosophy and other intellectual disciplines; and its principal problems. At the end, the outline of this section indicates other sections that treat disciplines involving philosophical studies of other subjects: language, logic, mathematics, art, science, religion, law, education, and history.

Section 10/53 begins by listing 25 major philosophical schools in the West. The section then deals with doctrinal differences between these schools on major philosophical issues, treating differences in theories about Being and existence; about thought, knowledge, and the faculties of the mind; and about human conduct.

Section 10/51. History of Philosophy 513

10/52. The Nature and the Divisions of Philosophy 517 10/53. Philosophical Schools and Doctrines 520

10.5.1 History of Philosophy 철학의 역사

10.5.2 Divisions of Philosophy 철학의 분야

Section 10/53. Philosophical Schools and Doctrines

10.5.3 Philosophical Schools and Doctrines 철학 학파 및 교리

A. Major philosophical schools in the West

1. Philosophical schools in antiquity and in the Middle Ages

a. Pythagoreanism

b. The Sophists

c. Eleaticism

d. Atomism

e. Platonism

f. Aristotelianism

g. Stoicism

h. Epicureanism

i. Skepticism

j. Scholasticism

2. Philosophical schools in the modern period

a. Cartesianism

b. Empiricism

[for Empiricist tendencies in earlier philosophy, see A.I.b. and i., above: for contemporary Logical Empiricism, see 4.2.i., below]

c. Rationalism

[for Rationalist tendencies in ancient and medieval philosophy, see I.a., c., e., and j., above]

d. Materialism

[for dialectical Materialism, see A.2.j., below]

e. Kantianism

f. Idealism

g. Hegelianism

h. Utilitarianism

i. Positivism and Logical Empiricism

[for metalogical studies, see 10/12.B.i for studies in the foundations of mathematics, see I0/21.B.]

j. Marxism

k. Realism

l. Pragmatism

m. Phenomenology

현상학
현상학은 경험과 의식을 연구하는 철학 분야입니다. 후설이 창시했으며, 사물의 본질을 직관적으로 이해하려는 학문이에요.

n. Existentialism

o. Analytic and Linguistic philosophy

B. Theories of Being and existence

1. Different types of metaphysical theory: Platonism; Aristotelianism; Thomism; Cartesianism; Idealism; Materialism—dialectical Materialism, Atomism, and Naturalism; Pythagoreanism; Organismic dynamism

2. Different views concerning the existence, attributes, and knowledge of God: agnosticism, atheism, Deism, fideism, humanism, pantheism, theism

3. Different conceptions of man as knower, doer, and maker: Existentialism, humanism, Phenomenology, Pragmatism, rationalism, irrationalism

4. Different views concerning the existence of the mind and its relation to the body: Materialism, dualism, immaterialism

C. Theories of thought, knowledge, and faculties of mind

1. Different conceptions of the object of knowledge: sense-datum theory, Phenomenalism, Idealism, Realism

2. Different conceptions of the validity of knowledge: Kantianism, positivism, pragmatism,

Skepticism

3. Different views of the sources or foundations of knowledge: rationalism, Empiricism

4. Different views of the status of the universal: realism, conceptualism, nominalism

5. Different views of the epistemic status of scientific theories; e.g., realism, conventionalism, and

operationalism; the Unity of Science movement; reductionism

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