History

  • [2025-04-24 Thu 23:02]

DONE Liberty ์ž์œ 

  • Liberty - Link ์ž์œ  - ๋งํฌ

Topics ์ฃผ์ œ

1. Natural freedom and political liberty - ์ž์—ฐ์  ์ž์œ ์™€ ์ •์น˜์  ์ž์œ 

a. The birthright of freedom - ์ž์œ ์˜ ์„ ์ฒœ์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ

b. The independence of men and the autonomy of sovereigns in a state of nature or anarchy - ์ž์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์ •๋ถ€ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ์ž์น˜๊ถŒ

c. The relation of liberty to free will: the conceptions of liberty as freedom from interference and freedom for personal development - ์ž์œ ์™€ ์ž์œ  ์˜์ง€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„: ๊ฐ„์„ญ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ž์œ ์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž์œ ๋ผ๋Š” ์ž์œ ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…

d. The supremacy of law as a condition of political liberty - ์ •์น˜์  ์ž์œ ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์„ฑ

e. The restriction of freedom by justice: the distinction between liberty and license - ์ •์˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ž์œ ์˜ ์ œํ•œ: ์ž์œ ์™€ ๋ฐฉ์ข…์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„

f. The freedom of equals under government: the equality of citizenship - ์ •๋ถ€ ์•„๋ž˜ ํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ์ž์˜ ์ž์œ : ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ์˜ ํ‰๋“ฑ์„ฑ

g. The juridical protection of liberties: bills of rights; the separation of powers - ์ž์œ ์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ๋ณดํ˜ธ: ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์žฅ์ „; ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ๋ถ„๋ฆฝ

h. Civil liberty under diverse forms of government - ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ ํ•˜์—์„œ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ž์œ 

2. The issues of civil liberty - ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ž์œ  ๋ฌธ์ œ

a. Freedom of thought and expression: the problem of censorship - ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ์ž์œ : ๊ฒ€์—ด ๋ฌธ์ œ

b. Liberty of conscience and religious freedom - ์–‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์ž์œ ์™€ ์ข…๊ต์˜ ์ž์œ 

c. Freedom in the sphere of economic enterprise: free trade; freedom from govern- mental restrictions - ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™œ๋™ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ์ž์œ : ์ž์œ  ๋ฌด์—ญ; ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ทœ์ œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ž์œ 

d. Economic dependence as a limitation of civil liberty: economic slavery or sub- jection - ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ž์œ ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์˜์กด: ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์ƒํƒœ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์†

3. Moral or spiritual freedom - ๋„๋•์  ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์  ์ž์œ 

a. Human bondage, or the dominance of the passions - ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์†๋ฐ•, ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋…์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ

b. Human freedom or the rule of reason: freedom through knowledge of the truth - ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž์œ  ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ: ์ง„๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž์œ 

c. Virtue as the discipline of free choice: freedom as the determination of the will by the moral law of practical reason - ์ž์œ  ์„ ํƒ์˜ ๊ทœ์œจ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋•: ์‹ค์ฒœ ์ด์„ฑ์˜ ๋„๋•๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ž์œ 

d. Freedom from conflict and freedom for individuality as conditions of happiness - ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ž์œ ์™€ ๊ฐœ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์œ 

4. The metaphysics of freedom - ์ž์œ ์˜ ํ˜•์ด์ƒํ•™

a. The relation of human liberty to chance and contingency - ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ž์œ ์™€ ์šฐ์—ฐ ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฐœ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„

b. The opposites of freedom: causality or necessity, nature, and law - ์ž์œ ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ฐœ๋…: ์ธ๊ณผ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ํ•„์—ฐ์„ฑ, ์ž์—ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ•์น™

5. The theology of freedom - ์ž์œ ์˜ ์‹ ํ•™

a. Manโ€™s freedom in relation to fate or to the will of God - ์šด๋ช… ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์˜ ๋œป๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž์œ 

b. Manโ€™s freedom and Godโ€™s knowledge - ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž์œ ์™€ ์‹ ์˜ ์ง€์‹

c. Manโ€™s freedom and Godโ€™s grace: the freedom of the children of God - ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž์œ ์™€ ์‹ ์˜ ์€์ด: ์‹ ์˜ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์˜ ์ž์œ 

d. The divine freedom: the independence or autonomy of infinite being; divine choice - ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์ž์œ : ๋ฌดํ•œ ์กด์žฌ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž์œจ์„ฑ; ์‹ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ

6. Liberty in history ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์†์˜ ์ž์œ 

a. The historical significance of freedom: stages in the realization of freedom; the beginning and end of the historical process - ์ž์œ ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ: ์ž์œ  ์‹คํ˜„์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ๋

b. The struggle for civil liberty and economic freedom: the overthrow of tyrants, despots, and oppressors - ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ž์œ ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์Ÿ: ํญ๊ตฐ, ์ „์ œ๊ตฐ์ฃผ, ์–ต์••์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ „๋ณต

c. The struggle for sovereign independence against the yoke of imperialism or colonial subjugation ion - ์ œ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜๋‚˜ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์˜ ๋ฉ์—์— ๋งž์„œ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์Ÿ