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#์‹ ํ† ํ”ผ์ฝ˜: ์ฒ ํ•™

Topics ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค

1. The definition and scope of philosophy - ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ๋ฒ”์œ„

a. The relation of philosophy to theology or religion - ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์‹ ํ•™ ๋˜๋Š” ์ข…๊ต์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„

b. The relation of philosophy to mathematics - ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„

c. The relation of philosophy to experimental or empirical science - ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜์  ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„

d. The relation of philosophy to myth, poetry, and history - ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์‹ ํ™”, ์‹œ, ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„

2. The divisions of philosophy - ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ๋ถ„๊ณผ๋“ค

a. The distinction between theoretic or speculative and practical or moral philosophy: the distinction between natural and civil philosophy - ์ด๋ก ์  ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ณ€์  ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ๋˜๋Š” ๋„๋• ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„: ์ž์—ฐ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„

b. The branches of speculative philosophy: the divisions of natural philosophy - ์‚ฌ๋ณ€ ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ: ์ž์—ฐ ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„

c. The nature and branches of practical or moral philosophy: economics, ethics, politics, jurisprudence; poetics or the theory of art - ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ๋˜๋Š” ๋„๋• ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๊ณผ: ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™, ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™, ์ •์น˜ํ•™, ๋ฒ•ํ•™; ์‹œํ•™ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ด๋ก 

3. The method of philosophy - ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

a. The foundations of philosophy in experience and common sense - ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์ƒ์‹์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€

b. The philosopherโ€™s appeal to first principles and to definitions - ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ๋ณธ ์›๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ •์˜์— ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

c. The processes of philosophical thought: induction, intuition, definition, demonstration, reasoning, analysis, and synthesis - ์ฒ ํ•™์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •: ๊ท€๋‚ฉ, ์ง๊ด€, ์ •์˜, ์ฆ๋ช…, ์ถ”๋ก , ๋ถ„์„, ์ข…ํ•ฉ

d. The methodological reformation of philosophy - ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ๊ฐœํ˜

4. The uses of philosophy: diverse conceptions of its aim, function, and value - ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ์šฉ๋„: ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ , ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค

a. The philosophic mode of life: contemplation and happiness - ์ฒ ํ•™์  ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹: ์‚ฌ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ํ–‰๋ณต

b. Philosophy as a moral discipline: the consolation of philosophy - ๋„๋•์  ํ•™๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™: ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ์œ„์•ˆ

c. The social role of philosophy: the philosopher and the statesman; the philosopher king - ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์—ญํ• : ์ฒ ํ•™์ž์™€ ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€; ์ฒ ์ธ ๊ตฐ์ฃผ

d. The liveability of philosophy: the practical possibility of adhering to philosophy in a given culture and society - ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ: ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ

5. The character and training of the philosopher: the difficulty of being a philosopher - ์ฒ ํ•™์ž์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ํ›ˆ๋ จ: ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€

6. Praise and dispraise of the philosopher and his work - ์ฒ ํ•™์ž์™€ ๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐฌ์–‘๊ณผ ๋น„ํŒ

a. The philosopher as a man of science or wisdom: the love and search for truth - ๊ณผํ•™์ž ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜œ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž: ์ง„๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ํƒ๊ตฌ

b. The philosopher and the man of opinion: sophistry and dogmatism, idle disputa- tion, perpetual controversy - ์ฒ ํ•™์ž์™€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ: ๊ถค๋ณ€๊ณผ ๋…๋‹จ์ฃผ์˜, ๋ฌด์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ, ๋Š์ž„์—†๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ž€

c. The philosopher as a man of reason: the limits of reason; its supplementation by experience or faith - ์ด์„ฑ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž: ์ด์„ฑ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„; ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ ์•™์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณด์™„

d. The philosopher as a man of theory or vision: neglect of the practical; with- drawal from the affairs of men and the marketplace - ์ด๋ก ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์ „๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž: ์‹ค์ฒœ์˜ ๋ฌด์‹œ; ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ผ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฒ ์ˆ˜

7. Observations on the history of philosophy: the lives of the philosophers in relation to their thought - ์ฒ ํ•™์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ: ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„

#ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ: ์ฒ ํ•™ philosophy

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