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  • [2025-04-24 Thu 23:28]

DONE Same and Other ๋™์ผ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€

  • Sameness and Difference - Link - ๋™์ผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด - ๋งํฌ

Topics ์ฃผ์ œ

1. The principle of identity: the relation of a thing to itself - ๋™์ผ์„ฑ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ: ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์ด ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๋งบ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„

a. Oneness in number or being: numerical diversity or otherness - ์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ์กด์žฌ์˜ ์ผ์ฒด์„ฑ: ์ˆ˜์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ํƒ€์ž์„ฑ

b. The identity of the changing yet enduring individual: personal identity, the continuity of self; the denial of identity in the realm of change - ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋™์ผ์„ฑ: ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ, ์ž์•„์˜ ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ; ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋™์ผ์„ฑ ๋ถ€์ •

2. The sameness of things numerically diverse - ์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋™์ผ์„ฑ

a. The being of sameness or similitude: the reality of kinds or universals - ๋™์ผ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์กด์žฌ: ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ์˜ ์‹ค์žฌ

b. The relation between sameness and unity: sameness as a participation in the one - ๋™์ผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ†ต์ผ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„: ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์ผ์„ฑ

c. The distinction between sameness and similarity and their opposites, diversity and difference: the composition of sameness and diversity; degrees of like- ness and difference - ๋™์ผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„: ๋™์ผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ; ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ์ •๋„

d. The distinction of things in terms of their diversities and differences: real and logical distinctions - ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„: ์‹ค์žฌ์  ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๊ณผ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ตฌ๋ณ„

e. The limits of otherness: the impossibility of utter diversity - ํƒ€์ž์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„: ์™„์ „ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ

3. The modes of sameness and otherness or diversity - ๋™์ผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํƒ€์ž์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ

a. Essential sameness or difference and accidental sameness or difference - ๋ณธ์งˆ์  ๋™์ผ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์šฐ๋ฐœ์  ๋™์ผ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด

1) Specific and generic sameness: natural and logical genera - ํŠน์ •์  ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๋™์ผ์„ฑ: ์ž์—ฐ์  ๋ฐ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ์†๋ฅ˜
2) The otherness of species in a genus: the diversity of contraries - ์†(genus) ๋‚ด ์ข…(species)์˜ ์ด์งˆ์„ฑ: ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ
3) Generic otherness or heterogeneity - ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ด์งˆ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ

b. Relational sameness: sameness by analogy or proportional similitude - ๊ด€๊ณ„์  ๋™์ผ์„ฑ: ์œ ์ถ” ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„๋ก€์  ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋™์ผ์„ฑ

c. Sameness in quality, or likeness: variations in degree of the same quality - ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ๋™์ผ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ: ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ์ •๋„ ์ฐจ์ด

d. Sameness in quantity, or equality: kinds of equality - ์–‘์˜ ๋™์ผ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ํ‰๋“ฑ: ํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋“ค

4. Sameness and diversity in the order of knowledge - ์ง€์‹์˜ ์งˆ์„œ์—์„œ ๋™์ผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ

a. Likeness or sameness between knower and known: knowledge as involving imi- tation, intentionality, or representation - ์•Œ๋Š” ์ž์™€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์ผ์„ฑ: ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ, ์˜๋„์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์žฌํ˜„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์‹

b. The role of differentiation in definition: the diversity of differences - ์ •์˜์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”์˜ ์—ญํ• : ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ

c. Sameness and diversity in the meaning of words or the significance of terms: the univocal and the equivocal - ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋‚˜ ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์—์„œ์˜ ๋™์ผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ: ๋‹จ์˜์  ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ๋‹ค์˜์  ์˜๋ฏธ

5. The principle of likeness in love and friendship - ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ์šฐ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ์›๋ฆฌ

6. Similitude between God and creatures: the degree and character of the similitude; traces or images of God in creatures - ์‹ ๊ณผ ํ”ผ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ: ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •๋„์™€ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ; ํ”ผ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์†์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์‹ ์˜ ํ”์  ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€