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Space ๊ณต๊ฐ„

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Topics ์ฃผ์ œ

1. Space, place, and matter - ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์žฅ์†Œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์งˆ

a. Space or extension as the essence or property of bodies: space, the receptacle, and becoming - ๋ฌผ์ฒด์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์†์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ํ™•์žฅ: ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์„ฑ๋จ

b. Place as the envelope or container of bodies: place as a part of space or as relative position in space - ๋ฌผ์ฒด์˜ ๋ด‰ํˆฌ๋‚˜ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ: ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ์œ„์น˜๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ

c. The tridimensionality of bodies: the indeterminate dimensions of pure space or prime matter - ๋ฌผ์ฒด์˜ ์‚ผ์ฐจ์›์„ฑ: ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์›์งˆ์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์ • ์ฐจ์›

d. The exclusiveness of bodily occupation of space: impenetrability - ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ ์œ ์˜ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์„ฑ: ๋ถˆ์นจํˆฌ์„ฑ

2. Space, void, and motion - ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๊ณตํ—ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šด๋™

a. The role of space or place in local motion: the theory of proper places; absolute and relative space - ๊ตญ์†Œ ์šด๋™์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ์—ญํ• : ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ ์ด๋ก ; ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„

b. The issue of the void or vacuum - ๊ณต๋ฐฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง„๊ณต์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ

1) The distinction between empty and filled space - ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ง„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„
2) The indispensability of void or vacuum for motion and division: the absence of void in atoms - ์šด๋™๊ณผ ๋ถ„ํ• ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง„๊ณต์˜ ํ•„์ˆ˜์„ฑ: ์›์ž ๋‚ด ์ง„๊ณต์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ
3) The denial of void or vacuum in favor of a plenum - ํ”Œ๋ ˆ๋„˜์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณตํ—ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ง„๊ณต์˜ ๋ถ€์ •

c. Space as a medium of physical action: the ether and action-at-a-distance; the phenomena of gravitation, radiation, and electricity - ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„: ์—ํ…Œ๋ฅด์™€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž‘์šฉ; ์ค‘๋ ฅ, ๋ณต์‚ฌ, ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ํ˜„์ƒ

3. Space, quantity, and relation - ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ์–‘, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด€๊ณ„

a. The finitude or infinity of space: the continuity and divisibility of space - ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ํ•œ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œ์„ฑ: ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋ถ„์„ฑ

b. The relation of physical and mathematical space: sensible and ideal space - ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„: ๊ฐ๊ฐ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ด์ƒ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„

c. Geometrical space, its kinds and properties: spatial relationships and configura- tions - ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๊ทธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ์„ฑ์งˆ: ๊ณต๊ฐ„์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

d. The measurement of spaces, distances, and sizes: trigonometry; the use of paral- lax - ๊ณต๊ฐ„, ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ธก์ •: ์‚ผ๊ฐ๋ฒ•; ์‹œ์ฐจ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

4. The knowledge of space and figures - ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋„ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹

a. Space as the divine sensorium and space as a transcendental form of intuition: the a priori foundations of geometry - ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์„ ํ—˜์  ์ง๊ด€ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„: ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์˜ ์„ ํ—˜์  ๊ธฐ์ดˆ

b. The controversy concerning innate and acquired space-perception - ์„ ์ฒœ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ›„์ฒœ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ง€๊ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ

c. The perception of space: differences between visual, auditory, and tactual space; perspective and spatial illusions - ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ง€๊ฐ: ์‹œ๊ฐ, ์ฒญ๊ฐ, ์ด‰๊ฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด; ์›๊ทผ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์ฐฉ์‹œ

5. The mode of existence of geometrical objects: their character as abstractions; their relation to intelligible matter - ๊ธฐํ•˜ํ•™์  ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์กด์žฌ ์–‘์‹: ์ถ”์ƒ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ; ์ดํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„

6. The spiritual significance of place, position, and space - ์žฅ์†Œ, ์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์  ์˜๋ฏธ